L-baŜi

X'inhu influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Għaliex huwa influwenza tal-ħnieżer li jaffettwaw bnedmin?

Huwa l-virus il-ġdid influwenza tal-ħnieżer kontaġġjuża?

X'inhuma s-sintomi ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Kemm idum huma sintomi mistennija ddum?

X'jigri jekk ma jirkuprawx fi żmien ġimgħa?

Kif huwa l-infezzjoni mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer dijanjostikati?

Liema nies huma aktar vulnerabbli minn influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Kif perikolużi huwa?

Ikolli jmutu minn majjali flu?

X'inhuma l-kumplikazzjonijiet ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Kif mewt tal-ħnieżer kawża influwenza?

Jekk nistennew tieni mewġa aktar severa tal-pandemija fix-xitwa?

Jekk immur xogħol jew skola jekk I ma kinux f'kuntatt ma 'xi ħadd li naf għandha influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Trażmissjoni

Kemm idum il-virus jgħixu fuq l-uċuħ?

X'inhu l-perjodu ta 'inkubazzjoni għall-influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Meta huma nies aktar infettiv?

Kif malajr hija l-influwenza tal-qżieqeż?

Għandi jiġi evitat kuntatt ma 'nies suspettati li għandhom influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Huwa possibbli li jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer darbtejn?

Għandi jkollhom parti influwenza tal-ħnieżer jew jippruvaw u l-qabda influwenza tal-ħnieżer issa, so I se jkun immuni għal razez aktar serji li jistgħu joħorġu aktar tard?

Jista pet tiegħi qabda influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Nazzjonali Pandemika Flu Servizz

X'inhu s-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika u kif jaħdem?

Tista tfal tużah?

Dokumenti Liema huma meħtieġa biex tkun tista 'tiġbor il-antivirali?

Għaliex il-gvern miġjuba f'dan is-servizz ġdid?

Do I jużaw is-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika jekk jien fi grupp ta 'riskju għoli?

Kif ukoll mħarrġa huma l-persunal Servizz Flu?

Se-Servizz Flu jkun jista 'jiddistingwi bejn ħnieżer u l-influwenza oħra?

Kif ser-poplu waqfien gvern frawdolenti jkollna Tamiflu?

Nieħdu ħsieb għalik innifsek fid-dar

Kemm kont għandi jkollhom mal-familja u ħbieb?

X'jiġri jekk I bżonn xi ħadd għall-kura għalija - se jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer tiegħi?

Stajt tilfux tiegħi - x'għandi nagħmel?

Għandi mmur barra?

Meta għandi mmur lura l-iskola / xogħol?

Tqala u t-tfal

Huma nisa tqal aktar probabbli li jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Ma influwenza tal-ħnieżer joħolqu riskji speċjali fuq nisa tqal?

Liema prekawzjonijiet speċjali jistgħu nisa tqal jieħdu?

Nista 'nieħu mediċini antivirali jekk jiena tqila?

X'inhuma l-effetti sekondarji possibbli ta 'Relenza?

Nista 'nieħu analġeżiċi jekk jiena tqila?

Se nisa tqal jiksbu preferenza għal vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Huwa l-vaċċin bla periklu għal nisa tqal?

Għandi tieqaf tredda jekk I bżonn tieħu mediċini antivirali?

Kif nista 'tgħid jekk it-tifel tiegħi għandu influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Jekk it-tifel/tifla tiegħi influwenza tal-ħnieżer, x'għandi nagħmel?

Tista tfal jieħdu antivirali?

Jista trabi taħt wieħed jieħu antivirali?

Jista my baby jieħu Tamiflu bħala miżura preventiva?

Kif nista 'nikseb mediċini antivirali għat-tifel tiegħi?

Se tfal jiġu ewwel linja għal-vaċċin?

Azzjonijiet

X'nista 'nagħmel?

Huma handrubs alkoħol aħjar minn sapun u ilma?

Min għandu jkun liebes facemask?

Għaliex ma għandhom l-maskri ġenerali jilbsu pubbliċi?

Allura għaliex pajjiżi oħra niżlu din ir-rotta?

X'għandi nagħmel jekk naħseb jien infettati?

Jekk I kienu f'kuntatt mill-qrib ma 'persuna infettata, għandi bżonn trattament?

Antivirali

Huwa influwenza tal-ħnieżer jitfejjaq?

What do antivirali do?

Kif Relenza jaħdmu?

Kif Tamiflu taħdem?

Kemm huma effettivi Relenza u Tamiflu?

X'jigri jekk tinsa tieħu doża?

Il-Renju Unit għandhom antivirali biżżejjed?

Huwa wieħed mill-antivirali aktar xierqa għal nisa tqal u persuni bi kundizzjonijiet tal-kliewi ċerti?

Jien allerġika għal penicillin. Nista 'nieħu antivirali?

I am fuq warfarin. Nista 'nieħu antivirali?

Se antivirali jingħata lil persuni mingħajr sintomi ta 'riħ?

Se dardir tiegħi esperjenza tat-tfal jekk huma jieħdu Tamiflu?

Kif huma dawk bl-influwenza tal-ħnieżer ikkonfermata jkollna aċċess għall antivirali?

Jekk in-nies tkun ħażna antivirali tagħhom stess?

Ma Tamiflu jmorru skadut?

Jekk nieħu antivirali u jkollhom effetti sekondarji, min għandi jinfurmaw?

Għandha l-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer żviluppaw reżistenza għal Tamiflu?

Ser il-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer issir reżistenti għall antivirali fil-futur?

Vaċċini

Meta se jkun hemm vaċċin?

Għaliex ma jieħdu diversi xhur biex tipproduċi vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Jekk pajjiżi oħra qed jiġu mogħtija garanziji provvista bil-quddiem, se nikbru tagħna ewwel?

Il-kurrent xogħol staġjonali vaċċin influwenza?

Kemm ħażniet huma disponibbli ta 'vaċċin staġjonali?

Min se tkun prijorità għat-tilqim bil-vaċċin H1N1 influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Se dawk li diġà kellhom influwenza tal-ħnieżer għad iridu jiġu mlaqqma?

Ser il-vaċċin għadhom jipprovdu lin-nies bi protezzjoni jekk il-virus mutates bejn issa u l-ħarifa?

Il-NHS għandhom siringi biżżejjed biex jamministraw il-vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Antibijotiċi

Antibijotiċi Liema żejda ġew mixtrija?

Għaliex għandek bżonn antibijotiċi fil pandemija?

Persuni fit-tul kundizzjonijiet

Jien fuq immunosuppressanti. Am I aktar f'riskju mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Se doża tiegħi ta 'immunosuppressanti tinbidel fil-każ ta' tifqigħa?

Nista 'nieħu antivirali jekk jien fuq immunosuppressanti?

Am I aktar f'riskju ta 'qbid influwenza tal-ħnieżer jekk ikolli HIV?

Am I aktar probabbiltà li jbatu kumplikazzjonijiet jekk ikolli HIV u l-qabda influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Nista 'nieħu antivirali jekk ikolli ħafif għal moderat mard tal-kliewi?

Nista 'nieħu antivirali jekk ikolli mard tal-kliewi sever?

Se nies fit-tul kundizzjonijiet jiksbu preferenza għal vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Huma nies bl-ażżma jew mard kroniku ostruttiv tal-pulmun (COPD) aktar f'riskju mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

X'inhu pariri hemm għal nies bl-ażżma jew COPD?

Nista 'nieħu antivirali jekk ikolli ażżma jew COPD?

Għandi dijabete. Am I ta 'aktar f'riskju mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

X'għandi nagħmel jekk żidiet tiegħi glucose fid-demm?

Hemm xi parir għal nies b'mard tal-fwied?

Nista 'nieħu antivirali jekk jiena fuq trattament epilessija?

Jiena nħares wara xi ħadd li huwa ħafna morda jew persuni b'diżabilità. X'jigri jekk sar wisq morda għall-kura għalihom?

L-anzjani

Huma nies anzjani aktar probabbli li jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Huma nies anzjani aktar f'riskju ta 'kumplikazzjonijiet jekk ma jaqbdu dan?

Ivvjaġġar u festi

Liema huma inti tagħti parir lill-vjaġġaturi?

Aħna se jmorru fuq btala. X'għandna nagħmlu?

Liema huma inti tagħti parir lin-nies fl-influwenza li jixtiequ jsiefru bl-ajruplan?

X'jiġri jekk ċittadini Brittaniċi barra jinjora dan il-parir u jippruvaw jivvjaġġaw xorta? Mhux se jkunu jiġu tqegħid passiġġieri l-oħra f'riskju?

Se nies jiġu skrinjati meta jaslu fid-destinazzjoni tagħhom?

X'għandi nagħmel jekk timrad fuq btala jew fuq l-dar titjira?

Se tobba jkunu ċċertifikaw nies bħala li influwenza tal-ħnieżer għal skopijiet assigurazzjoni ta 'vjaġġar?

Għandi bżonn l-assigurazzjoni medika żejda?

Hemm ħafna każijiet fl-Amerika u l-Messiku. Huwa sikur biex jivvjaġġaw hemmhekk?

Huwa sikur biex jużaw it-trasport pubbliku issa ninsabu fil pandemija?

Ser il-gvern jirrestrinġu l-ivvjaġġar fir-Renju Unit?

X'jiġri lill-viżitaturi tal-Renju Unit jekk huma kkonfermati bl-influwenza tal-ħnieżer matul il-waqfa tagħhom?

Mistoqsijiet ġenerali

Xi jfisser WHO Phase 6 jfisser?

Huwa influwenza tal-ħnieżer infezzjoni ħafifa u għalhekk ebda lok għal tħassib?

Se kapaċità ta 'sptar tkun adegwata?

Huwa sikur biex jieklu laħam tal-majjal?

Huma r-rapporti li 65,000 nies huma se jmutu vera?

X'jiġri jekk xi ħadd ma xi ħabib influwenza?

X'inhu influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Ħnieżer influwenza hija marda fil-ħnieżer. Il-virus bħalissa tixrid fost in-nies issa hija ġeneralment magħrufa bħala influwenza tal-ħnieżer, għalkemm l-oriġini tal-marda għadu taħt investigazzjoni. M'hemm l-ebda evidenza ta 'dan il-varjant tal-marda jiċċirkolaw fil-ħnieżer fir-Renju Unit.

Hemm tifqigħat regolari ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer fil-ħnieżer madwar id-dinja. Huwa normalment ma jinfettaw bnedmin, għalkemm dan ma jiġri kultant, normalment fin-nies li kellhom kuntatt mill-qrib ma 'ħnieżer.

Viruses influwenza tal-ħnieżer huma normalment tas-sottotip H1N1. L-influwenza tal-ħnieżer li jkun infirex għall-bnedmin huwa verżjoni ta 'dan il-virus.

Għaliex huwa influwenza tal-ħnieżer li jaffettwaw bnedmin?

Minħabba li l-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer tkun mutazzjoni (mibdula) u issa hija f'pożizzjoni li jinfettaw bnedmin u jittrasmettu bejniethom.

Liema nies huma aktar vulnerabbli minn influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Dawk li huma iktar f'riskju milli jsiru morda serjament bl-influwenza tal-ħnieżer huma nies bi:

• kronika (fit-tul) mard tal-pulmun, inklużi nies li kellhom trattament tad-droga għall-ażżma tagħhom fl-aħħar tliet snin,
• marda kronika tal-qalb,
• marda kronika tal-kliewi,
• marda kronika tal-fwied,
• mard newroloġiku kronika (mard newroloġiku jinkludu mutur marda neurone, marda ta 'Parkinson u sklerożi multipla),
• sistemi mrażżna immuni (kemm jekk ikkawżata minn mard jew trattament), l
• dijabete,
• nisa tqal,
• nies ta 'età 65 sena jew aktar, u
• tfal żgħar taħt il-ħames.

Għal pariri speċifiċi dwar it-trattament antivirali għal dawn il-gruppi, mur toPeople ma fit-tul kondizzjonijiet, Tqala u nies tfal andOlder.

Kif huwa l-infezzjoni mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer dijanjostikati?

Issa hemm ġdida awto-kura tas-servizz, imsejjaħ il-Nazzjonali Pandemika Flu Servizz, li tippermetti lin-nies jiċċekkjaw online kundizzjoni tagħhom jew fuq it-telefon (0800 151 3100 jew textphone 0800 151 3200) u jiksbu medikazzjoni antivirali jekk influwenza tal-ħnieżer hija kkonfermata.

Il-persuni li ġejjin għandhom sejħa GP tagħhom direttament għall-valutazzjoni tas-sintomi tagħhom u dijanjosi:

• dawk bi mard eżistenti serju, bħall-kanċer
• nisa tqal,
• dawk li jkollhom tfal morda taħt wieħed,
• dawk bil-kundizzjoni li għarrieda gets ħafna agħar, jew
• dawk bil-kundizzjoni li għadu tiggrava wara sebat ijiem (5 għal tifel).

Għal aktar informazzjoni, mur l-servizz Flu: Q & A.

Huwa l-virus il-ġdid influwenza tal-ħnieżer kontaġġjuża?

L-Aġenzija għall-Protezzjoni tas-Saħħa (HPA) jgħid il-virus il-ġdid influwenza tal-ħnieżer huwa li tittieħed ħafna u qed tinfirex minn persuna għal oħra.

Majjali influwenza tinfirex fl-istess mod bħal irjieħat jew ordinarji u l-influwenza. Il-virus jinfirex permezz tal-qtar li joħorġu mill-imnieħer jew ħalq meta sogħla jew għatis xi ħadd.

Jekk xi ħadd sogħla jew għatis u ma jkoprux dan, dawk qtar jistgħu jinfirxu madwar metru (3ft). Jekk inti ħafna qrib inti tista 'tieħu n-nifs lilhom pulzieri

Jew, jekk xi ħadd sogħla jew għatis fis naħa tagħhom, dawk qtar u l-virus fi ħdanhom huma trasferita faċilment għall-uċuħ li l-persuna tmiss, bħal bieb manki, poġġamani, telefons u tastieri. Jekk inti touch dawn l-uċuħ u tmissx jiffaċċjaw tiegħek, il-virus jista 'jidħol sistema tiegħek, u inti tista infettati.

Ara Kawżi għal aktar informazzjoni

Kemm idum il-virus jgħixu fuq l-uċuħ?

Il-virus tal-influwenza jistgħu jgħixu fuq wiċċ iebes sa 24 siegħa, u wiċċ artab għal madwar 20 minuta.

X'inhu l-perjodu ta 'inkubazzjoni għall-influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Skond l-Aġenzija għall-Protezzjoni tas-Saħħa, il-perjodu ta 'inkubazzjoni għall-influwenza tal-ħnieżer (ħin bejn l-infezzjoni u d-dehra ta' sintomi) jista 'jkun sa sebat ijiem, iżda huwa aktar probabbli li jkun bejn jumejn u ħamest ijiem. Iżda għadu kmieni wisq biex ikunu jistgħu jipprovdu dettalji dwar il-karatteristiċi tal-virus, inkluż perjodu ta 'inkubazzjoni, il b'ċertezza totali f'dan il-ħin.

Meta huma nies aktar infettiv?

In-nies huma aktar infettiv lill-oħrajn malajr wara li jiżviluppaw sintomi, għalkemm dawn ikomplu jitfa l-virus (per eżempju, sogħla u għatis) għal sa ħamest ijiem (sebat ijiem fit-tfal). Nies isiru inqas infettiv kif ibattu sintomi tagħhom, u ladarba s-sintomi tagħhom huma marret dawn ma jibqax ikkunsidrat infettiv lill-oħrajn.

Kif malajr hija l-influwenza tal-qżieqeż?

Majjali influwenza issa hija mifruxa fir-Renju Unit u t-tixrid malajr. In-numru ta 'każijiet ġodda fir-Renju Unit huwa irduppjar kull sebat ijiem. Ħafna minn dawn huma minħabba li persuni huma qbid influwenza tal-ħnieżer fil-komunità lokali tagħhom u mhux bħala riżultat ta 'l-ivvjaġġar barranin.

Mur fil-Latest fuq influwenza tal-ħnieżer għal lista kurrenti ta 'l-pajjiżi affettwati mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer.

Għandi jiġi evitat kuntatt ma 'nies suspettati li għandhom influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Il-każijiet kollha suspettati li għandhom sintomi influwenza tal-ħnieżer jkunu ġew mitluba li jibqgħu d-dar u jirrestrinġu kuntatt tagħhom ma 'nies. Ħafna nies għandhom imorru dwar il-ħajja normali tagħhom, inklużi jmorru l-iskola jew ix-xogħol. Dan jinkludi t-tfal li jattendu skola ma 'każ ikkonfermat ta' influwenza tal-ħnieżer.

M'hemm l-ebda ħtieġa li jiġi evitat kuntatt ma 'nies li jista' sempliċement jiġu f'kuntatt ma 'dawk li jkollhom l-mard, bħall-ġenituri ta' tfal fl-iskejjel ma 'każ ikkonfermat imma li mhumiex huma stess morda.

Kif perikolużi huwa?

Huwa diffiċli li wieħed jiġġudika dan fil-mument. Filwaqt li kien hemm imwiet, għal ħafna nies infettati mis-sintomi ma kinux severi.

Jidher li dożi bikrija ta 'mediċini antivirali bħal Tamiflu huma effettivi biex jgħinu lin-nies biex jirkupraw. Fir-Renju Unit għandna antivirali biżżejjed biex jittrattaw nofs il-popolazzjoni kieku kellhom timrad. Ukoll, l-ordnijiet ta 'Tamiflu tqiegħdu biex tiżdied provvisti tar-Renju Unit għal 50 miljun doża, l biżżejjed għall-kura 80% tal-popolazzjoni.

Ikolli jmutu minn majjali flu?

Għal ħafna nies, il-mard kien ħafif u awto-limitazzjoni. Il-virus ikun ikkawża mard sever fil-minoranza ta 'nies, ħafna minnhom kienu l-fatturi bażiċi ta' riskju bħal kundizzjoni fit-tul. NHS persunal huma mħarrġa sew fil-kura persuni li saru l-isptar mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer u tista 'tagħti trattament effettiv għal xi infezzjonijiet batterjoloġiċi, bħal pnewmonja.

X'inhuma l-kumplikazzjonijiet ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Wieħed mill-kumplikazzjonijiet aktar komuni ta 'kwalunkwe tip ta' influwenza hija sekondarja batterjali sider infezzjoni, bħal bronkite (infezzjoni tal-passaġġi tan-nifs).

Kultant, din tista 'ssir serja u jiżviluppaw fi pnewmonja. Kors ta 'antibijotiċi normalment jfejjaq dan, iżda l-infezzjoni kultant isir għall-ħajja.

Kumplikazzjonijiet rari oħra jinkludu:

• tonsilitis,
• otite medja (akkumulazzjoni ta 'fluwidu fil-widna), l
• xokk settiku (infezzjoni tad-demm li tikkawża tnaqqis kbir fil-pressjoni tad-demm),
• meninġite (infezzjoni fil-moħħ u korda spinali), u
• enċefalite (infjammazzjoni tal-moħħ).

X'inhuma s-sintomi ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Is-sintomi ta 'majjali influwenza fil-persuni huma mistennija li jkunu simili għal-sintomi ta' influwenza staġjonali regolari umana u jinkludu deni (a temperatura tal-ġisem għoli ta '38 ° C/100.4 ° F jew aktar), għeja, nuqqas ta' aptit u sogħla (ara Sintomi ). Xi nies ma influwenza tal-ħnieżer irrapportaw ukoll imnieħer inixxi, uġigħ fil-griżmejn, dardir, rimettar u dijarea.

Kemm idum huma sintomi mistennija ddum?

Bħal kull tip ta 'influwenza, kif bad-sintomi huma u kemm dawn l-aħħar se jvarjaw skond il-kura u ċ-ċirkostanzi individwali. Ħafna mill-każijiet rappurtati fir-Renju Unit sal-lum kienu relattivament ħafif, ma 'dawk affettwati jibdew jirkupraw fi żmien ġimgħa.

X'jigri jekk ma jirkuprawx fi żmien ġimgħa?

Jekk m'intix titjib wara sebat ijiem mill-bidu ta 'sintomi (jew wara ħamest ijiem jekk inti taħt 16), ikkuntattja servizz lokali tiegħek NHS:

• Ingilterra - NHS Direct sejħa 0845 4647
• Iskozja - NHS 24 sejħa 08,454 242,424
• Wales - NHS Direct Wales 0845 4647
• Irlanda ta 'Fuq - kuntatt kirurġija lokali tiegħek GP jew lokali barra mill-ħinijiet tas-servizz tiegħek.

Kif mewt tal-ħnieżer kawża influwenza?

Bħal kull tip ieħor ta 'l-influwenza, in-nies jistgħu jmutu minn influwenza tal-ħnieżer jekk jiżviluppaw kumplikazzjonijiet, bħal pnewmonja.

Għandha l-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer żviluppaw reżistenza għal Tamiflu?

Mhux fil-mument. Kampjuni ta 'rutina tal-virus fir-Renju Unit wera li bħalissa m'hemm l-ebda reżistenza għal jew Tamiflu jew Relenza.

Wieħed virus H1N1 strain juru reżistenza Tamiflu ġie rrapportat f'pazjent fid-Danimarka li kienu rċevew trattament. Madankollu, ir-reżistenza Tamiflu f'pazjenti individwali ma jseħħu fil-persentaġġ baxx ta 'każijiet u huwa ta' importanza pubblika limitata. L-Aġenzija għall-Protezzjoni tas-Saħħa huwa l-monitoraġġ jekk viruses bħal dawn ikunu jiġi tinfirex minn persuna għal oħra.

Ser il-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer issir reżistenti għall antivirali fil-futur?

Huwa possibbli. Il-virus jistgħu jgħaddu minn mutazzjoni (bidla) u jsiru reżistenti għall-mediċina antivirali, u imbagħad jinfirxu minn persuna għal oħra. Jekk il-virus ma jiżviluppa reżistenza, huwa aktar probabbli li jkun li Tamiflu, it-trattament antivirali prinċipali. Jekk jiġri dan, il-gvern għandha provvista ta 'Relenza li jistgħu jintużaw minflok.

Jekk nistennew tieni mewġa aktar severa tal-pandemija fix-xitwa?

L-istorja ta 'pandemiji influwenza ta' qabel tissuġġerixxi li l-pressjoni virali attwali se jinfirxu b'mod aktar wiesa 'fil-ħarifa jew tax-xitwa, li jikkawżaw mard aktar u mewt. Huwa possibbli li l-virus se jgħaddu minn mutazzjoni (bidla) fi razza b'saħħitha.

Jekk immur xogħol jew skola jekk I ma kinux f'kuntatt ma 'xi ħadd li naf għandha influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Iva, sakemm ma jkollokx sintomi bħal. Jekk tkun qed tħossok tajjeb, inti għandek tmur dwar l-attivitajiet normali tiegħek, inkluż jmorru l-iskola jew ix-xogħol.

Hija tista 'tieħu sa sebat ijiem (normalment jumejn sa ħamest ijiem) wara l-infezzjoni għal sintomi influwenza tal-ħnieżer għall-iżvilupp. Jekk tiżviluppa sintomi, jibqgħu d-dar u ssegwi l-parir ġenerali (seeWhat nagħmel jekk naħseb jien infettati?).

Huwa possibbli li jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer darbtejn?

Iva, għax il-virus jista 'jindiblu (bidla). Jekk inti ssir infettati bil-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer, ġismek jipproduċi antikorpi kontra dan, li se jirrikonoxxu u l-ġlieda off-virus jekk il-korp qatt jissodisfa mill-ġdid. Madankollu, jekk il-virus mutates, is-sistema immuni tiegħek ma jistgħu jirrikonoxxu dan il-varjant differenti u inti tista 'timrad għal darb'oħra, għalkemm jista' jkollok xi protezzjoni minn wara li kellhom virus simili qabel.

Għandi jkollhom parti influwenza tal-ħnieżer jew jippruvaw u l-qabda influwenza tal-ħnieżer issa, so I se jkun immuni għal razez aktar serji li jistgħu joħorġu aktar tard?

No Tippruvax jaqbdu l-virus kif inti tista 'tgħin li jinfirxu. Ukoll, kif aħna għadhom ma jafux kollox dwar il-virus, huwa kmieni wisq biex wieħed jassumi li huwa biss infezzjoni ħafifa. U qbid influwenza tal-ħnieżer mhux neċessarjament se tipproteġik minn razez li jistgħu joħorġu aktar tard (seeIs possibbli li jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer darbtejn?).

Jista pet tiegħi qabda influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Bħalissa ma hemm ebda evidenza li annimali domestiċi jistgħu jiksbu dan il-varjant ġdid ta 'influwenza. Il-virus tal-influwenza tal-ħnieżer jidher li tgħaddi biss minn persuna għal oħra jew minn bniedem għal ħnieżer. B'mod ġenerali, viruses influwenza komunement jinfettaw biss speċi waħda; per eżempju, klieb u qtates ma jsibux influwenza staġjonali mis-sidien tagħhom.

X'inhu s-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika u kif jaħdem?

Is-Servizz Nazzjonali Flu Pandemika hija ġdida awto-kura tas-servizz li se tagħti lin-nies b'sintomi influwenza tal-ħnieżer aċċess veloċi għall-informazzjoni u antivirali.

Din hija website iddedikat u phoneline (0800 151 3100 jew textphone 0800 151 3200) għall-persuni biex jiksbu informazzjoni, check-sintomi tagħhom u tikseb numru uniku li ser tagħtihom aċċess għall antivirali jekk ikun meħtieġ.

Meta inti tingħata numru tiegħek aċċess uniku, inti se jkunu jafu fejn eqreb punt tiegħek ġbir antivirali hu. Għandek imbagħad staqsi ħabib influwenza (xi ħabib jew qarib b'saħħithom) li jmorru u aqbad l-medikazzjoni antivirali.

Jekk taħseb li għandek influwenza tal-ħnieżer, ma tmurx lil kirurġija GP tiegħek jew A E. & Jibqgħu d-dar biex jevitaw tixrid tal-virus.

Tista tfal tużah?

It-tfal kollha jistgħu jużaw is-Servizz Influwenza. Madankollu, dawk foqra Ingliż jew li huma wisq żgħażagħ għandha tkun appoġġjata minn adult jew ikollhom ċirku adulti f'isimhom.

Dokumenti Liema huma meħtieġa biex tkun tista 'tiġbor il-antivirali?

Il-ħabib influwenza għandhom juru ID tagħhom stess kif ukoll dak tal-pazjent. In-numru ta 'awtorizzazzjoni u l-informazzjoni ID se tiġi verifikata biex tassigura taqbel mat-tagħrif ipprovdut meta l-valutazzjoni ta' sintomi tlesta.

L-ID jinkludi:

• kont utilità,
• passaport,
• ta 'kreditu jew debitu,
• liċenzja tas-sewqan, jew
• Karta NHS.

Għaliex il-gvern miġjuba f'dan is-servizz ġdid?

Dan is-servizz ġdid ser jgħin b'xejn sa tobba, li tagħti aktar żmien biex jittrattaw ma 'mard ieħor li jeħtieġu attenzjoni urġenti tagħhom.

Do I jużaw is-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika jekk jien fi grupp ta 'riskju għoli?

Għandek tikkuntattja lit-tabib tiegħek direttament milli jużaw is-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika jekk:

• għandek mard serju sottostanti,
• inti tqila,
• għandek tifel marid taħt età ta 'sena,
• kundizzjoni tiegħek f'daqqa gets ħafna agħar, jew
• kundizzjoni tiegħek għadu tiggrava wara sebat ijiem (5 għal tifel).

Kif mħarrġa sew huma l-persunal Servizz Flu?

Operaturi sejħa b'Esperjenza ġew imħarrġa għal minimu ta 'tliet sigħat. Operaturi sejħa anqas esperjenzati rċevew taħriġ ta 'jum. Aġenti mhumiex medikament mħarrġa u mhux se tkun kapaċi twieġeb xi mistoqsijiet oħra, iżda dawn se jkunu appoġġati minn professjonisti tas-saħħa.

Se jkun hemm min iħarreġ NHS Direct preżenti f'kull call center għall-ewwel jumejn. Mhux se jkun hemm ħaddiema tas-saħħa fl-attendenza. Maniġers ċentru Sejħa se tkun tista 'tikkuntattja s-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika klinika on-call desk ma' kwistjonijiet urġenti.

Tobba mill-Kulleġġ Irjali tal tobba se jkollhom rwol kollegament speċjali ma kull wieħed minn dawn call centres u se għalf lura problemi jew tħassib li jinqalgħu.

Regolamenti stretti standard industrijali huma fis-seħħ meta jimpjegaw persunal. Dawn jinkludu d-dritt li jaħdmu fir-Renju Unit (l-ebda immigranti illegali), referenzi impjieg sodisfaċenti u referenzi sodisfaċenti.

Firxa wiesgħa ta 'persuni qed jiġu reklutati minn madwar il-pajjiż. Kollha għandhom ikunu jistgħu jitkellmu bl-Ingliż.

Se-Servizz Flu jkun jista 'jiddistingwi bejn ħnieżer u l-influwenza oħra?

Il-persunal huma mħarrġa biex jidentifikaw każi ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer. Madankollu, is-sintomi tal-influwenza staġjonali huma simili ħafna u għalhekk huwa probabbli li jkun hemm xi duplikazzjoni ma 'każijiet oħra influwenza jiċċirkolaw. Kif influwenza tal-ħnieżer issir aktar komuni, proporzjon ogħla ta 'influwenza bħal mard se jkun influwenza tal-ħnieżer.

Kif ser-poplu waqfien gvern frawdolenti jkollna Tamiflu?

Il-gvern ikun qiegħed jiddipendi fuq il-pubbliku li huwa responsabbli fil jużaw is-sistema. M'hemmx bżonn li tiżdied il-kju, minħabba li hemm aktar minn biżżejjed Tamiflu għal kulħadd li aktarx jaqbdu l-virus fix-xhur li ġejjin. Lanqas ma hemm bżonn li jixtru Tamiflu minn xi ħadd li jkun kiseb lilu taħt pretenzjonijiet foloz, kif kull min għandu bżonn se ikun provdut mingħajr ħlas.

Kemm kont għandi jkollhom mal-familja u ħbieb?

Evita kull kuntatt ma 'bla bżonn familja u ħbieb waqt il-ħin inti infettiv, li normalment sa ħamest ijiem wara s-sintomi tiegħek beda (sebat ijiem fit-tfal). Meta s-sintomi tiegħek mxew, inti m'għadekx infettiv.

Żamma metru jew aktar bogħod minn wiċċ in-nies se jfisser li qtar mill-gerżuma tiegħek huma probabbli li jaffettwaw oħrajn. Fejn possibbli, inti tista 'tevita li tesponi l-partner tiegħek għall-infezzjoni mill-irqad fil-kamra żejda.

X'jiġri jekk I bżonn xi ħadd għall-kura għalija - se jaqbdu influwenza tal-ħnieżer tiegħi?

Jekk inti m'intix kapaċi li tħares wara lilek innifsek fid-dar, inti tista 'titlob lil xi ħabib jew qarib biex jiġbru mediċini u merċa għalik, tordna xi preskrizzjonijiet ripetuti, għajnuna bil-kompiti tad-dar bażiċi bħall-tisjir u ġeneralment kura għalik.

Jekk ħabib jew qarib tiegħek iżomm distanza sensibbli minn int kull meta jkun possibbli u inti kemm iġjene tajba prattika, hemm ċans tajjeb li min jieħu ħsiebek mhux se jaqbdu l-infezzjoni.

Stajt tilfux tiegħi - x'għandi nagħmel?

Telf ta 'aptit huwa sintomu komuni ta' influwenza u xejn ninkwetaw dwar - aptit tiegħek normalment ser jirritorna kif inti tibda tħossok aħjar. Ipprova tiekol dawl, ikel nutrittiv meta tħoss sa dan, bħal soppa, toast, fażola msajra u scrambled bajd (dawn huma wkoll faċli biex jippreparaw). Jista 'jkun aktar faċli għalik li jieklu ftit u spiss.

Għandi mmur barra?

Is-Servizz Nazzjonali Flu Pandemika ġie stabbilit sabiex inti tista 'tikseb awto-kura pariri u medikazzjoni antivirali jekk għandek bżonn mingħajr ma jmur GP tiegħek.

Jekk tħoss sa dan, inti tista 'tixtieq li nikseb xi arja friska - imma jevitaw li jieħdu trasport pubbliku, infiq ħin f'postijiet iffullati, jew li jżuru GP tiegħek jew sptar meta jkollok sintomi influwenza tal-ħnieżer, kif inti tista' tinfetta nies oħra bil-virus .

Jekk f'daqqa waħda jiksbu ħafna agħar, għandek tfittex parir mediku minnufih.

Meta għandi mmur lura l-iskola / xogħol?

Inti tista 'tmur lura l-iskola jew ix-xogħol meta tkun qed tħossok tajjeb u m'għadhomx infettiv, li huwa meta inti m'għandekx aktar għalfejn sintomi bħal. Il-ħin li jieħu għall-sintomi li jmorru ivarja minn persuna għal oħra, iżda huwa normalment ta 'madwar ħamest ijiem (sebat ijiem fit-tfal). Evita kull kuntatt ma 'oħrajn bla bżonn u jibqgħu d-dar matul dan il-perjodu infettiv.

X'nista 'nagħmel?

Inti tista 'tnaqqas, iżda mhux jeħles, ir-riskju ta' qbid jew it-tixrid influwenza tal-ħnieżer minn:

• Dejjem tkopri mnieħrek u d-dwiefer ma 'tessut meta sogħla jew għatis.
• Rimi ta 'tessuti maħmuġin fil-pront u bir-reqqa.
• Iż-żamma iġjene bażika tajba, per eżempju taħsel idejk spiss bis-sapun u ilma sħun biex inaqqsu t-tixrid tal-virus minn idejk imb'wiċċ, jew lil persuni oħra.
• Tindif uċuħ ibsin, bħal pumi tal-bibien, spiss u sewwa permezz ta 'prodott tat-tindif normali.

Għandek ukoll tipprepara issa billi:

• Tikkonferma netwerk ta 'ħbieb influwenza (ħbieb u qraba) li jistgħu jgħinuk jekk timrad. Huma jistgħu jiġbru mediċini u provvisti oħra għalik sabiex inti ma għandekx leave għad-dar u possibilment tixrid tal-virus.
• Jafu NHS numru tiegħek u dawk ta 'membri oħra tal-familja. Jżommhom f'post sigur. Mhuwiex essenzjali li jkun hemm NHS numru tiegħek sabiex jirċievu trattament, iżda jista 'jgħin persunal NHS biex isibu rekords tas-saħħa tiegħek. Inti se tkun tista 'ssib NHS Numru tiegħek fuq karta medika tiegħek jew oġġetti oħra bħal medikazzjoni preskritta, ittra mill GP tiegħek jew il-ħatra isptar karta / ittra.
• Kun żgur li għandek termometru u rimedji biżżejjed kiesaħ u sogħla fil-cupboard mediċina tiegħek fil-każ inti jew familja tiegħek huma affettwati mill-influwenza tal-ħnieżer.

Huma handrubs alkoħol aħjar minn sapun u ilma?

Iż-żewġ handrubs alkoħol u ħasil bis-sapun u ilma huma importanti minimizzat ir-riskju ta 'tixrid influwenza tal-ħnieżer, peress li kemm diżattivazzjoni tal-virus tal-influwenza. Alkoħol handrub jista 'jintuża biss fuq l-idejn viżibbli nadif. Jekk l-idejn huma maħmuġin, sapun u ilma għandhom jintużaw. Handrubs huma utli meta ma jkunx hemm aċċess faċli għall-post li jaħslu u jnixxfu idejk.

Min għandu jkun liebes facemask?

L-Aġenzija għall-Protezzjoni tas-Saħħa (HPA) jirrakkomanda li l-ħaddiema tas-saħħa għandhom jilbsu facemask jekk jiġu f'kuntatt mill-qrib ma 'persuna sintomi (aktar minn metru), biex jitnaqqas ir-riskju tagħhom ta' qbid l-virus mill-pazjenti.

Madankollu, l-HPA ma jirrakkomandax li n-nies b'saħħithom jilbsu maskri għanddu ħajja ta 'kuljum tagħhom.

Għaliex ma għandhom l-maskri ġenerali jilbsu pubbliċi?

Minħabba li m'hemm l-ebda evidenza li tissuġġerixxi li din hija miżura preventiva utli.

Il-virus huwa mifrux minn nies li jmissu uċuħ infettati, jew minn xi ħadd sogħla jew għatis fuq firxa qrib ħafna. Mela jekk inti wieqfa qrib xi ħadd bil-virus, liebes facemask mhux se tagħmel differenza.

Hemm tħassib dwar ir-riskji ta 'mhux jużaw maskri korrett. Għandhom jiġu mibdula regolarment kif dawn ma jaħdmux kif ukoll meta naqqsu minn nifs ta 'persuna. Nies jistgħu jinfettaw ruħhom jekk tmiss il-barra ta 'maskra tagħhom, jew jistgħu jinfettaw oħrajn billi ma tarmi maskri qodma mingħajr periklu.

Fl-aħħarnett, liebes facemask jistgħu jinkoraġġixxu kompjaċenza. Nies jeħtieġ li wieħed jiffoka fuq iġjene tal-idejn tajba, joqogħdu fid-dar jekk qed tħossok ma tiflaħx u li jkopru ħalq tagħhom meta sogħla jew tgħatas.

Allura għaliex pajjiżi oħra niżlu din ir-rotta?

Din hija kwistjoni li kull gvern kkunsidrati separatament. Franza qed iħeġġeġ il-pubbliku ġenerali li jixtru maskri tagħhom għall-użu bħala prekawzjoni, iżda mhuwiex istokkjar maskri ċentralment mill-fondi tal-gvern. La huwa l-Istati Uniti.

F'pajjiżi oħra, in-nies diġà jilbsu maskri jew biex jiġi evitat mard jinfirex jew biex jipproteġu lilhom infushom mit-tniġġiż. Dan mhuwiex il-każ fir-Renju Unit.

X'għandi nagħmel jekk naħseb jien infettati?

Jekk ikollok sintomi bħal u huma kkonċernati li jista 'jkollok influwenza tal-ħnieżer, jibqgħu d-dar, taqra dwar symptomsand influwenza tal-ħnieżer jiċċekkjaw il-kundizzjoni tiegħek billi tuża s-Servizz Nazzjonali Influwenza Pandemika.

Telefon GP tiegħek jekk:

• għandek mard serju sottostanti,
• inti tqila,
• għandek tifel marid taħt wieħed,
• kundizzjoni tiegħek f'daqqa gets ħafna agħar,
  jew
• kundizzjoni tiegħek għadu tiggrava wara
  sebat ijiem (5 għal tifel).

Is-Servizz Nazzjonali Flu Pandemika huwa servizz online ġodda li se tevalwa s-sintomi tiegħek u, jekk meħtieġ, għandha tipprovdi numru ta 'awtorizzazzjoni li jistgħu jintużaw biex jiġbru medikazzjoni antivirali minn punt ta' ġbir lokali. Għal dawk li ma jkollhomx aċċess għall-internet, l-istess servizz tista 'tkun aċċessata fuq:

• Telefon: 0800 151 3100
• Minicom: 0800 151 3200

Għal aktar informazzjoni, mur l-servizz Flu: Q & A.

Jekk huwa kkonfermat li inti għandek influwenza tal-ħnieżer, staqsi qarib jew ħabib b'saħħithom li jittellgħu medikazzjoni antiretrovirali tiegħek għalik.

Fil-frattemp, jieħdu paracetamol bbażati fuq ir-rimedji kiesaħ li jnaqqsu d-deni u sintomi oħra, tixrob ħafna fluwidi u jiksbu ħafna ta 'mistrieħ.

Ma jmorrux fis-kirurġija GP tiegħek jew l-isptar, kif inti tista 'tinfirex il-marda lill-oħrajn.

If I have been in close contact with an infected person, do I need treatment?

You only need antiviral treatment if you have been diagnosed with swine flu or if a doctor decides that you are at serious risk of developing severe illness (see Will antivirals be given to people without flu symptoms?).

Is swine flu treatable?

Testing has shown that the swine flu can be treated with the antiviral medicines oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). However, the drugs must be taken at an early stage to be effective. See Treatment for more information.

The UK already has enough antivirals to treat half the population. Orders of Tamiflu have been placed to increase UK supplies to 50 million doses, enough to treat 80% of the population.

What do antivirals do?

Antivirals are not a cure, but they help you to recover by:

• relieving some of the symptoms,
• reducing the length of time you are ill by around one day, and
• reducing the potential for serious complications, such as pneumonia.

How does Relenza work?

To reproduce and spread, a virus has to enter your body, take over healthy cells and force them to make copies of itself. Relenza stops the release of new copies of the virus from infected cells in the lungs. This slows the spread of the virus, reduces the symptoms and length of time that you feel unwell for, and makes it harder for the virus to spread to other people.

Relenza should be started within 48 hours of symptoms appearing in adults and 36 hours in children, but works better the earlier it is started.

How does Tamiflu work?

To reproduce and spread, a virus has to enter your body, take over healthy cells and force them to make copies of itself. Tamiflu stops the flu virus entering your cells and blocks the release of new copies of the virus. This slows the spread through your body, reduces the symptoms and the length of time that you feel unwell for, and makes it harder for the virus to spread to other people.

Tamiflu should be started within 12 to 48 hours of symptoms appearing, but works better the earlier it is started.

How effective are Relenza and Tamiflu?

Relenza reduces the duration of flu symptoms by one and a half days on average. Tamiflu reduces the duration of symptoms by one to two days.

What if I forget to take a dose?

If you forget a dose of Relenza or Tamiflu, do not double the next dose. Take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember as long as the next one is not due in a few hours. If the next dose is due in a few hours, then just carry on as you are supposed to – don't take any 'catch-up' doses.

Does the UK have enough antivirals?

The government has 23 million treatments of Tamiflu and 10.5 million treatments of Relenza. Orders of Tamiflu have been placed to increase UK supplies to 50 million doses, enough to treat 80% of the population.

Is one of the antivirals more appropriate for pregnant women and people with certain kidney conditions?

Relenza is an inhaled drug that will be used for pregnant women and people with certain kidney conditions who are unable to take Tamiflu. See Pregnancy and children.

I'm allergic to penicillin. Can I take antivirals?

Yes, it is safe for you to take antivirals if you have a penicillin allergy.

I am on warfarin. Can I take antivirals?

Yes, you should be able to take antivirals if you are on warfarin, but you should contact your GP for advice first.

Will antivirals be given to people without flu symptoms?

In most cases, no. Antivirals will generally only be given to people who have been diagnosed with swine flu.

Doctors should not offer antiviral medication as prophylaxis (prevention) to people close to patients unless they have serious existing health problems, such as cancer, or there are other special circumstances.

Will my child have nausea if they take Tamiflu?

As is the case with many medicines, nausea is a known side effect of Tamiflu in a small number of cases. Symptoms may lessen over the course of the treatment. It may help to take Tamiflu either with or immediately after food, and drinking some water may also lessen any feelings of nausea.

How are those with confirmed swine flu getting access to antivirals?

If antivirals are required, the National Pandemic Flu Service will provide you with an authorisation number, which can be used to collect antiviral medication from a local collection point (see How is swine flu infection diagnosed?). Alternatively, if you are in a high-risk group, your GP will advise you over the phone on how to collect your antivirals.

A healthy friend or relative can then pick up the antivirals for you from your local collection centre, usually a pharmacy or community centre.

Should people be buying their own antivirals?

No. The government has enough antivirals to treat half the population, and will increase this to cover 80% as an extra precaution. Therefore, antivirals should be available for everyone who gets ill in the pandemic and there is no need for people to buy their own.

Does Tamiflu go out of date?

Iva. There will be an expiry date on the packet. The government has a programme to replace any expired doses under a rolling stock system.

If I take an antiviral and have side effects, who should I tell?

L-ewwel, ara kura tas-saħħa tiegħek professjonali biex jiċċekkjaw li inti ok. Imbagħad, tirrapporta reazzjoni tiegħek għall-Mediċini u prodotti Healthcare Aġenzija Regolatorja (MHRA) permezz tas-sistema tagħhom online ġodda (links għal sit estern).

Dan webpage ġdid, ibbażat fuq l-Iskema Karta Safra, jgħin lill-MHRA biex tissorvelja s-sigurtà ta 'Tamiflu u Relenza.

Kull min ma jkollux aċċess għall-internet tista 'titlob fornitur tas-saħħa tagħhom jibagħtu rapport f'isimhom.

Meta se jkun hemm vaċċin?

Vaċċini huma kumplessi u diffiċli biex jipproduċu f'numri kbar. Madankollu, il-gvern diġà ffirmat kuntratti biex jiksbu vaċċin biżżejjed għall-pajjiż kollu hekk kif tkun disponibbli.

Il-lottijiet ewwel vaċċin se jibdew jaslu fil-ħarifa, iżda se tieħu diversi xhur biex jiksbu biżżejjed għal kulħadd. Se tieħu wkoll żmien għal kollox jittestjaw il-vaċċin u li jorganizzaw it-tilqim ta 'kulħadd fil-pajjiż.

Biex jitnaqqas l-impatt ta 'influwenza tal-ħnieżer, l-NHS qed jiffoka fuq dawk fl-akbar riskju 1 (ara Min se tkun prijorità għat-tilqim bil-vaċċin H1N1 influwenza tal-ħnieżer?).

Għaliex ma jieħdu diversi xhur biex tipproduċi vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

L-influwenza vaċċin proċess ta 'produzzjoni hija twila u kkumplikata. Teknoloġija ta 'produzzjoni huwa intensiv. Il-gvern qed taħdem ma 'żewġ manifatturi, li qiegħed jiżdied possibilitajiet ta' żvilupp kmieni.

Jekk pajjiżi oħra qed jiġu mogħtija garanziji provvista bil-quddiem, se nikbru tagħna ewwel?

Ir-Renju Unit għandha ftehim kontrattwali li torbot fis-seħħ biex jiżguraw provvista tagħha.

Il-kurrent xogħol staġjonali vaċċin influwenza?

Huwa ċar li għadhom jekk il-vaċċin kurrenti influwenza regolari se joffri xi protezzjoni kontra l-influwenza tal-ħnieżer.

Kemm ħażniet ta 'vaċċin staġjonali huma disponibbli?

Il-vaċċin influwenza huwa prodott kull sena għall-influwenza staġjonali. Għaddejjin diskussjonijiet ma 'manifatturi dwar kemm tista' xorta tkun disponibbli. Madankollu, il-gvern ikkonferma li hemm 430,000 dożi ta 'vaċċin disponibbli fir-Renju Unit.

Min se tkun prijorità għat-tilqim bil-vaċċin H1N1 influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

A deċiżjoni ma tkunx għadha saret. Il-gvern qed niddiskuti dan ma 'esperti xjentifiċi indipendenti. Deċiżjonijiet se ssir fuq il-bażi tal-aktar aġġornata data evidenza dwar is-severità u t-tixrid tal-marda, bil-għan li jipproteġu l-aktar membri vulnerabbli tal-pubbliku, il-protezzjoni tal-kapaċità tal-NHS biex jittrattaw ma 'nies li huma morda, u l-protezzjoni tal-persunal li huma jqiegħdu lilhom infushom f'riskju aktar minn kontraenti l-virus.

Il-gvern xorta se jimmiraw biex ilaqqam kulħadd, iżda għaliex il-vaċċin se jkollhom jiġu mogħtija matul iż-żmien, huwa dritt li nibdew naħsbu minn issa dwar gruppi li għandhom jiġu prijoritizzati.

Will those who have already had swine flu still need to be vaccinated?

Theoretically, those who have had swine flu will not need to be vaccinated. However, as the government is currently relying on clinical diagnosis for the majority of cases, it will not be possible to easily differentiate those who have definitely had swine flu, so the vaccine will be offered to everyone. It is quite safe to be vaccinated even if you have already had swine flu.

Will the vaccine still provide people with protection if the swine flu virus mutates between now and the autumn?

At this stage, it is impossible to predict if or how the H1N1 swine flu virus will mutate (change). However, experiences with the H5N1 bird flu vaccine would suggest that an H1N1 vaccine would also provide a high level of immunity against closely related strains. The level of cross-protection is expected to be greatest for more closely related strains.

Does the NHS have enough syringes to administer the swine flu vaccine?

Yes, orders have been placed to ensure there are enough syringes to administer the vaccine.

What extra antibiotics have been purchased?

Orders have been placed for 15.2 million courses of antibiotics. They will play an important part in the response to the pandemic.

Why do you need antibiotics in a pandemic?

While antivirals may reduce complications, they are still likely to occur in the pandemic. Some of the most common include bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and lungs, such as pneumonia. Antibiotics are needed to treat these .

Antibiotics will be used to treat people in the community if they develop complications. In hospitals, antibiotics will be used to treat the sickest patients and may reduce the length of hospitalisation.

Are pregnant women more likely to catch swine flu?

Iva. Pregnant women are more susceptible to all infections, because their immune system is naturally suppressed in pregnancy. They are especially vulnerable to swine flu, as this virus is affecting younger age groups in particular.

Does swine flu pose special risks in pregnant women?

Most pregnant women with swine flu will only have mild symptoms like most other people with swine flu. However, pregnant women have an increased risk of complications from any type of flu, because their immune system is naturally supressed in pregnancy. Possible complications are pneumonia (an infection of the lungs), difficulty breathing and dehydration, which are more likely to happen in the second and third trimester.

There is a small chance that these complications will lead to premature labour or miscarriage. There is not yet enough information to know precisely how likely these birth risks are.

What special precautions can pregnant women take?

If you are pregnant, you can reduce your risk of infection by avoiding unnecessary travel and avoiding crowds where possible. Pregnant women should also follow the general hygiene advice (see What can I do?).

If a family member or other close contact has swine flu, your doctor may prescribe you antiviral medication (usually Relenza) as a preventative (prophylactic) measure. Relenza is taken through an inhaler rather than a tablet. This means it builds up in your throat and lungs but not in your blood or placenta and should not affect your baby.

If you think that you may have swine flu, call your doctor for an assessment immediately. If your doctor confirms swine flu over the phone, you will be prescribed antiviral medication to take as soon as possible.

Unless you have swine flu symptoms, carry on attending your antenatal appointments so you can monitor the progress of your pregnancy.

Can I take antiviral drugs if I am pregnant?

Yes, on the advice of a doctor. The Department of Health has bought Relenza, an inhaled antiviral drug that treats flu without reaching the developing fetus. Relenza should not affect your pregnancy or your growing baby.

However, if your doctor or midwife thinks that a different medicine is needed (for instance, if you have unusually severe flu), you will be given Tamiflu instead.

An expert group reviewed the risk of antiviral treatment in pregnancy, and found it to be extremely small. It is much smaller than the risk posed by the symptoms of swine flu.

What are the possible side effects of Relenza?

Some people have had wheezing or serious breathing problems when they have used Relenza. It is therefore not recommended for people with asthma or COPD. Other possible side effectsinclude headaches, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.

If you take an antiviral and have side effects, see your healthcare professional to check that you are ok. Then report your reaction to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) through their new new online system.

Can I take painkillers if I am pregnant?

You can take paracetamol to reduce fever and other symptoms; this is safe to take in pregnancy.

Madankollu, in-nisa tqal m'għandhomx jieħdu mediċini mhux sterojdi kontra l-infjammazzjoni (NSAIDs) bħal ibuprofen (Nurofen).

Se nisa tqal jiksbu preferenza għal vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Dan se jkun fil-ħarifa qabel vaċċin influwenza tal-ħnieżer issir disponibbli. Meta huwa disponibbli, se jkun hemm linji gwida li fuqhom il-gruppi ta 'nies huma prijorità akbar għat-tilqim. Ara Min se tkun prijorità għat-tilqim bil-vaċċin H1N1 influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Huwa l-vaċċin bla periklu għal nisa tqal?

Iva. There is no evidence of risk from vaccinating pregnant women with inactivated vaccines, such as the swine flu vaccine. The government's swine flu vaccination programme is underpinned by independent expert advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and the Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies, and their advice will be sought regarding the vaccination of pregnant women against swine flu.

Should I stop breastfeeding if I need to take antiviral drugs?

Women who are breastfeeding can continue to do so while receiving antiviral treatment. If a mother is ill, she should continue breastfeeding and increase feeding frequency. If she becomes too ill to feed, then expressing milk may still be possible. Antiviral drugs are excreted into breast milk in very small (insignificant) amounts.

Kif nista 'tgħid jekk it-tifel tiegħi għandu influwenza tal-ħnieżer?

Call your GP immediately if your child has any of the following symptoms and a temperature of 38°C or above or feels hot:

• tiredness
• headache,
• runny nose and sneezing,
• sore throat,
• shortness of breath,
• loss of appetite,
• vomiting and diarrhoea, or
• aching muscles, limb and joint pain.

If you are worried about your child, always call your GP for advice.

One thing you can do right now is to make sure you have a digital thermometer to take your child's temperature with.

Jekk it-tifel/tifla tiegħi influwenza tal-ħnieżer, x'għandi nagħmel?

If your GP confirms that your child has swine flu, they should stay at home and you should treat their symptoms like any other cold or flu. Make sure they drink plenty of liquids, get lots of rest and take over-the-counter cold and flu remedies to help control their temperature. However, children under 16 must not be given aspirin or ready-made flu remedies containing aspirin.

Your GP will tell you whether your child should also take antiviral drugs. Antivirals such as Tamiflu shorten the symptoms by about a day and can reduce the risk of complications. Antivirals are only effective if taken within 48 hours of symptoms starting. If you are worried about your child, call your GP immediately.

However, antivirals can also have side effects. If your child's swine flu symptoms are mild, you may not wish to give them antivirals. Your GP can advise you on this.

Can children take antivirals?

Yes, on the advice of a doctor. Tamiflu is safe for infants aged one and above, at a reduced dose. Relenza (an inhaler) can be used by children aged five and older under the supervision of an adult.

Can babies under the age of one take antivirals?

Tamiflu and Relenza are not licensed for use in babies under one. However, after evaluating all the available evidence, the European Medicines Agency has advised that babies may be treated with Tamiflu, considering that:

• the appropriate dosage to treat children aged under one is 2-3mg/kg twice daily for five days,
• children are preferably treated under medical supervision, and
• dilution of the capsule content can be used to prepare the dose.

Can my baby take Tamiflu as a preventative measure?

Whether babies not suffering from flu symptoms can take Tamiflu should be decided by an expert in the care of young children. The recommended course for prevention in the under-ones is 2mg/kg once a day for 10 days (but should not exceed 10 days).

The first line of protection for babies aged under one is respiratory and hand hygiene and frequent cleaning of surfaces, toys and equipment.

Kif nista 'nikseb mediċini antivirali għat-tifel tiegħi?

Your GP will tell you over the phone how you can pick up the antiviral medication. You should ask a flu friend (a friend or relative who does not have swine flu) to collect this for you.

Se tfal jiġu ewwel linja għal-vaċċin?

Scientists and doctors are still testing the vaccine and studying the swine flu virus. When the vaccine becomes available, the NHS will prioritise those who need to get it first. See Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?

I'm on immunosuppressants. Am I more at risk from swine flu?

Iva. If you take immunosuppressants you have a greater risk of becoming infected with any virus, including swine flu, and will be less able to fight it off once you have it.

Will my dose of immunosuppressants be altered in the event of an outbreak?

Your doctor may advise that your dose of immunosuppressants needs to change. The appropriate dose will vary from patient to patient.

Can I take antivirals if I'm on immunosuppressants?

Yes, if your doctor agrees it is safe for you to take Tamiflu or Relenza.

Am I more at risk of catching swine flu if I have HIV?

Probably not. Although HIV infects CD4 cells and reduces their number and function, there are other parts of the immune system that are able to fight flu. For more information, visit theTerrence Higgins Trust website (links to external site).

Am I more likely to suffer complications if I have HIV and catch swine flu?

If you have a low CD4 count (under 200), you may be more likely to suffer complications like pneumonia from any type of flu, including swine flu.

Can I take antivirals if I have mild to moderate kidney disease?

Iva. If you have stage one to three kidney disease, or your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is above 30, you will be treated as any other person would be. This means you can take Relenza or Tamiflu, if necessary.

Can I take antivirals if I have severe kidney disease?

You can take some but not necessarily all antivirals. If you have stage four of five kidney disease, or your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is below 30, you will probably be under the care of a kidney specialist. Relenza (an inhaler) is safe to take. If you find this tricky to use, your doctor may give you a reduced dose of Tamiflu tablets instead.

Will people with long-term conditions get preference for a swine flu vaccine?

It will be months before a swine flu vaccine becomes available. When it is available, there will be guidelines on which groups of people are a greater priority for vaccination. See Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?

Are people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more at risk from swine flu?

You are no more likely to catch swine flu than anyone else. However, if you do catch a respiratory infection, including swine flu, it may add to any breathing difficulties you may have.

What advice is there for people with asthma or COPD?

Your condition places you at greater risk if you catch the disease. It is therefore all the more important that you follow good hygiene practices (see 'What can I do') and react quickly if you develop flu-like symptoms (see 'What should I do if I think I'm infected').

Can I take antivirals if I have asthma or COPD?

Yes, Tamiflu is safe to take. However, Relenza (an inhaler) is usually not given to people with asthma as on rare occasions it can cause breathing complications.

I have diabetes. Am I at more at risk from swine flu?

You are no more likely to catch swine flu than anyone else. However, if you do catch it, your blood glucose may increase and your diabetes treatment may need to be adjusted accordingly.

What should I do if my blood glucose increases?

If you find your blood glucose has increased, or you become thirsty and are urinating more, call your GP. If you are on insulin and testing your own blood glucose, you may be advised to do this more often so you can adjust your dose according to the results. If you start to vomit or become increasingly unwell, call your GP as soon as possible.

Is there any advice for people with liver disease?

If you have liver disease you are no more likely to catch swine flu than anyone else. If you do catch it, antivirals are safe to take. There is no interaction between these and other antivirals you may already be taking.

Can I take antivirals if I am on epilepsy treatment?

Iva. It is thought that antiviral treatments will not affect medicines taken to control epilepsy.

I look after someone who is very ill or disabled. What if I become too ill to care for them?

As a carer, you should probably begin planning for an emergency caring situation as soon as possible. The best way to get help with planning for a caring emergency is to arrange a carer's assessment from your local authority.

If you have time you may be able to arrange for formal respite care, but you may want to talk to friends, neighbours and relatives about forming a network of flu friends who can help out and look after you if you are ill.

For more information, go to the page on Advice for carers

Are older people more likely to catch swine flu?

It is not yet known, but most cases so far in the UK have been in those younger than 60. Some older people may have partial resistance to the swine flu virus, due to being exposed to a similar flu virus in a previous pandemic.

Are older people more at risk of complications if they do catch it?

Older and frail people are more likely to develop complications from any type of flu, and are generally less able to fight it off.

What advice are you giving to travellers?

Before travelling, they should check the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) website for information specific to the country they are visiting. Those who do not have internet access can call the FCO's 24-hour advice line on 0845 850 2829.

We are about to go on holiday, what should we do?

Wherever you go on holiday, always take the same precautions that you do when at home. Know where you can get medical advice if you or your family feel unwell, and make sure you have over-the-counter medication for coughs and sneezes.

If you are going on holiday in the UK then you can contact the local GP surgery or call the National Pandemic Flu Service helpline on 0800 151 3100.

If you are travelling to Europe, make sure you have your free European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). This entitles you to any necessary medical treatment, including for swine flu, during a visit to another European Economic Area country. You can get an EHIC application form from the Post Office or by calling 0845 606 2030. You can also apply online.

If you have swine flu, don't travel until after your symptoms have stopped.

Whenever you go abroad, always check the latest travel advice from the Foreign Office: www.fco.gov.uk.

What advice are you giving to people with flu who want to travel by plane?

The Health Protection Agency is advising anyone in the UK with flu symptoms not to travel until they are no longer infectious. Similarly, any British nationals abroad with flu who want to fly home should only travel when they are no longer infectious.

What if British nationals abroad ignore this advice and try to travel anyway? Won't they be putting other passengers at risk?

It is the discretion of the airline whether to carry a person with signs or symptoms of infectious disease. Any British national prevented from boarding flights when trying to return home from abroad can get advice from their nearest diplomatic mission.

Will people be screened when they arrive at their destination?

The FCO website states that medical screening for the swine flu virus has been introduced at several airports for passengers arriving on international flights, including China. In the section on China, the guidance states: “The Chinese government continues to place great emphasis on screening and surveillance, rapid detection, quarantine and treatment.”

What should I do if I become ill on holiday or on the flight home?

Make sure you check in advance so you know where you can get medical advice if you or your family feel unwell on holiday. And make sure you have over-the-counter medication for flu, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. Remember that children should not take aspirin.

If you are travelling to Europe, make sure you have your free European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). This entitles you to any necessary medical treatment, including for swine flu, during a visit to another European Economic Area country. You can get an EHIC application form from the post office, by calling 0845 606 2030, or by applying online.

If you do experience flu-like symptoms, keep away from public places to avoid spreading it. Then contact a health professional and tell them your symptoms.

If you become ill on your flight home, alert the cabin crew to your symptoms. There are procedures in place for dealing with passengers who become unwell on flights, and the airline will advise port health officials on the ground that a passenger requires a health assessment and may need treatment.

To access the Department of Health Swine Flu Information line when abroad, call 00 44 207 928 1010.

Will GPs have to certify people as having swine flu for travel insurance purposes?

The Association of British Insurers (ABI) has confirmed that swine flu will be treated no differently from any other illness by travel insurers. People diagnosed with swine flu before they are due to travel abroad, and any immediate family members (spouse, parents and children, with some policies covering other relatives) due to travel with them, will be covered for the cost of holiday cancellation by their travel insurance.

Insurers usually require a doctor's certificate to confirm that the patient was unable to travel. The government welcomes the comments from the ABI that they would expect insurers to be flexible on the time it takes to obtain such a certificate and that they are considering what other forms of evidence might be acceptable.

Do I need extra medical insurance?

No. You should always have insurance when you travel abroad. You do not need extra insurance for swine flu.

There are lots of cases in America and Mexico. Is it safe to travel there?

Iva. Just make sure you know in advance where to get medical advice from. If you are not sure whether you can travel to a certain country, check the latest travel advice from the Foreign Office: www.fco.gov.uk.

Is it safe to use public transport now we are in a pandemic?

Iva. Public transport has not been closed during previous pandemics, and while there is a slightly higher risk to the public, this is no more than using other public places.

Anyone who has the flu or feels unwell should stay at home and not travel.

Will the government restrict travel within the UK?

The government is not planning to restrict travel within the UK unless it becomes necessary for public health reasons. Scientific modelling shows that internal travel restrictions would have little impact on the total number of people infected by flu. However, the public is advised to avoid non-essential travel, and anyone who has the flu or feels unwell should stay at home and not travel.

What happens to visitors to the UK if they are confirmed with swine flu during their stay?

Foreign nationals should not be treated any differently from UK nationals with regard to self-isolation or other recommended measures. People with symptoms of swine flu, including foreign nationals, are advised not to travel. Overseas visitors will not be charged for NHS hospital treatment for swine flu, including antivirals.

What does WHO Phase 6 mean?

The technical definition of Phase 6 is human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one World Health Organisation (WHO) region, with community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region.

Is swine flu a mild infection and therefore no cause for concern?

It is too soon to assume it will be a mild infection. We don't know everything about the virus and are closely monitoring each case that comes up.

The flu virus changes very rapidly. It can pick up and swap genetic material, which dramatically changes it, increasing the severity of symptoms. The virus could change in the autumn, so we need to plan for this.

Will hospital capacity be adequate?

Most flu sufferers can be cared for appropriately at home. The UK has well-developed plans in place for managing extra demand on the healthcare system during the pandemic. For more information, see the guidelines on Managing demand and capacity in healthcare organisations (surge).

Is it safe to eat pig meat?

Iva. The WHO says there is no evidence that swine flu can be spread through eating meat from infected animals. However, it is essential to cook meat properly. A temperature of 70°C (158°F) would be sure to kill the virus. Pig meat includes pork, bacon, ham and pork products.

Are the reports that 65,000 people are going to die true?

It is wrong to suggest there will be a particular number of deaths each day. Scientific and clinical experts can use sophisticated modelling techniques to help us understand how the virus may behave, but that is all they can do: guide, not predict.

What happens if someone doesn't have a flu friend?

The government has been working with organisations such as the Red Cross to meet the needs of people who may be isolated or otherwise find it difficult to identify a flu friend.