豬流感常見問題
基礎知識
什麼是豬流感？
為什麼豬流感影響人類？
新的豬流感病毒是會傳染嗎？
什麼是豬流感的症狀是什麼？
症狀預計會持續多久呢？
如果我在一個星期內不恢復？
感染豬流感是如何診斷？
哪些人是最脆弱的，從豬流感？
這是多麼危險？
我將死於豬流感？
什麼是豬流感的並發症是什麼？
豬流感導致死亡的如何？
我們應該期望在冬季更嚴重的流感大流行的第二波？
我應該去上班或上學，如果我沒有接觸過的人我知道有豬流感？
傳輸
病毒表面上生活多久？
什麼是豬流感的潛伏期？
當是最具傳染性的人嗎？
豬流感蔓延的速度有多快？
我應該避免被懷疑有豬流感的人接觸？
這是可能的兩次趕上豬流感？
我應該有豬流感方或try和catch現在豬流感，所以我會更嚴重的菌株，以後可能出現的免疫？
我的寵物可以趕上豬流感？
國家大流行流感服務
什麼是國家流感服務，它是如何工作的？
孩子們可以使用它呢？
需要什麼樣的文件能夠收集到的抗病毒藥物？
為什麼政府在這項新的服務帶來了嗎？
如果我在一個高風險組的時候，我使用的國家流感服務？
流感的服務人員訓練有素？
流感服務將能夠區分豬和其他流感？
政府將如何停止的人以欺詐手段獲得達菲？
在家裡照顧自己
與家人和朋友接觸，我應該有多少？
如果我需要有人來關心我 - 他們會抓住我的豬流感？
我失去了我的胃口 - 我應該怎麼辦？
我應該出去嗎？
我應該在什麼時候回到學校/工作？
懷孕和兒童
孕婦更有可能感染豬流感？
豬流感是否會對孕婦的特殊風險？
孕婦可以採取什麼特別的預防措施？
我可以服用抗病毒藥物，如果我懷孕了嗎？
Relenza的可能的副作用是什麼？
我可以服用止痛藥，如果我懷孕了嗎？
孕婦將優先獲得豬流感疫苗？
是疫苗對孕婦安全嗎？
我應該停止母乳喂養，如果我需要服用抗病毒藥物？
我怎麼告訴我的孩子，如果有豬流感？
如果我的孩子有豬流感，我該怎麼辦？
兒童可以採取抗病毒藥物？
在一個嬰兒抗病毒藥物？
我的孩子可以採取達菲作為一種預防性措施？
我如何獲得抗病毒藥物，為我的孩子？
兒童將是第一線的疫苗？
行動
我能做些什麼呢？
酒精handrubs優於肥皂和水嗎？
誰應戴口罩？
為什麼不應該的廣大市民佩戴口罩？
那麼，為何其他國家走這條路？
我應該怎樣做，如果我覺得我感染嗎？
如果我一直在與感染者密切接觸，做我需要治療嗎？
抗病毒藥物
豬流感是可以治愈的嗎？
抗病毒藥物做什麼呢？
樂感清是如何工作的？
達菲是如何工作的？
瑞樂沙和達菲的效果如何？
如果我忘記了採取的劑量？
英國是否有足夠的抗病毒藥物嗎？
為孕婦和某些腎臟條件的人更合適的抗病毒藥物之一嗎？
我對青黴素過敏。 我可以採取抗病毒藥物？
我在華法林。 我可以採取抗病毒藥物？
將抗病毒藥物給流感症狀的人沒有？
我的孩子出現噁心，如果他們採取達菲？
如何以抗病毒藥物獲得證實豬流感？
人應該是儲存他們自己的抗病毒藥物？
達菲去過時？
如果我採取一種抗病毒藥物，並有副作用，我應該通知誰？
開發了豬流感病毒抗達菲？
豬流感病毒將在未來的抗病毒藥物產生抗藥性？
疫苗
時將有疫苗嗎？
為什麼需要幾個月的時間才能生產豬流感疫苗？
如果其他國家也正在考慮提前供應保證，我們將得到我們的第一次嗎？
是否當前的季節性流感疫苗的工作嗎？
多少股票是季節性疫苗可用嗎？
誰將會是一個與甲型H1N1流感疫苗接種的優先？
將那些已經有豬流感仍然需要接種疫苗嗎？
將疫苗仍提供保護的人，如果病毒變異之間現在和秋天呢？
是否有足夠的NHS管理的豬流感疫苗的注射器？
抗生素
已購買什麼額外的抗生素？
為什麼你需要抗生素在流感大流行？
人與長期的條件
我的免疫抑製劑。 我更上午從豬流感的風險？
在事件爆發，將改變我的免疫抑製劑的劑量？
如果我對免疫抑製劑的時候，我可以採取抗病毒藥物嗎？
我趕上豬流感，如果我有艾滋病毒的危險我更？
我如果我有艾滋病毒和趕豬流感更容易患並發症嗎？
我可以參加，如果我有輕度至中度腎臟疾病的抗病毒藥物嗎？
我可以參加，如果我有嚴重的腎臟疾病的抗病毒藥物嗎？
長期條件的人將獲得豬流感疫苗的偏好？
哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）在豬流感的風險更多的人嗎？
哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病的人有什麼建議？
我可以採取抗病毒藥物，如果我有哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病？
我有糖尿病。 我是豬流感的風險嗎？
如果我的血糖增加，我應該怎麼做？
肝臟疾病的人有任何意見嗎？
我可以採取抗病毒藥物，如果我在治療癲癇？
我看後的人是重病或殘疾。 如果我變得過於生病照顧他們呢？
老年人
年紀大的人更容易感染豬流感？
更多並發症的風險年紀的人，如果他們抓住它嗎？
旅遊和假日
你有什麼建議給旅客？
我們是去度假。 我們應該做些什麼呢？
你有什麼建議給流感的人要坐飛機？
什麼，如果英國國民海外忽略這條建議，並試圖前往反正？ 他們不會危及其他乘客？
人們會進行篩選，當他們到達目的地？
如果我成為度假或生病的飛行家，我應該怎麼辦？
全科醫生將有證明人有豬流感對旅遊保險的目的？
我是否需要額外的醫療保險嗎？
有許多在美國和墨西哥的情況。 它是安全前往那裡嗎？
使用公共交通工具，是安全的，我們現在是在大流行？
政府將限制在英國旅行嗎？
到英國的旅客，如果他們逗留期間與豬流感確診，會發生什麼？
一般問題
什麼誰第6期是什麼意思？
豬流感是一種輕微的感染，因此沒有引起人們的關注？
將醫院的能力是否足夠？
吃豬肉是安全的？
65,000人就要死了真正的報告嗎？
如果有人不有流感的朋友，會發生什麼？
什麼是豬流感？
豬流感是在豬體內的一種疾病。 目前人與人之間傳播的病毒，現在一般稱為豬流感，但該疾病的起源至今仍是正在調查中。 有沒有證據表明這株循環疾病在英國豬。
有定期豬流感疫情全球在豬。 它通常不會感染人類，雖然這有時會發生，通常在誰曾與豬密切接觸的人。
豬流感病毒通常是H1N1亞型。 豬流感傳染給人類的是這種病毒的版本。
為什麼豬流感影響人類？
因為豬流感病毒已經變異（改變），是目前能夠感染人類和它們之間的傳輸。
哪些人是最脆弱的，從豬流感？
那些從日益嚴重的豬流感病的風險更是與人：
- 慢性（長期）的肺部疾病，包括誰曾在過去三年內為他們的哮喘藥物治療的人，
- 慢性心髒病，
- 慢性腎臟病，
- 慢性肝病，
- 慢性神經系統疾病（神經系統疾病，包括運動神經元疾病，帕金森氏症和多發性硬化症等），
- 抑制免疫系統（不論因疾病或治療引起），
- 糖尿病，
- 孕婦，
- 年齡在65歲或65歲以上的人，
- 五歲以下的幼童。
對這些群體的抗病毒治療的具體建議，具有長遠的條件，孕婦和兒童andOlder人toPeople。
感染豬流感是如何診斷？
現在有一個新的自我保健服務，被稱為全國流感大流行的服務，它允許人們檢查自己的病情在網上或通過電話（0800 151 3100或文字電話：0800 151 3200）和獲得抗病毒藥物，如果被證實豬流感。
下面的人應該叫他們直接為他們的症狀和診斷評估：
- 這些現有的一個嚴重的疾病，如癌症
- 孕婦，
- 那些在一個生病的孩子，
- 那些條件突然變得更糟，或者
- 那些條件仍然七天後（五個孩子）差。
有關更多信息，前往流感服務：Q＆A
新的豬流感病毒是會傳染嗎？
健康保護局（HPA）說，新的豬流感病毒具有高度傳染性，從人到人傳播。
豬流感的傳播，在同樣的方式為普通感冒和流感。 有人咳嗽或打噴嚏時，病毒的傳播是通過飛沫，鼻子或嘴巴來。
如果有人咳嗽或打噴嚏時，他們不包括它，這些飛沫傳播約一米（3英尺）。 如果你是非常附近，你可能會吸入。
或者，如果有人咳嗽或打噴嚏時，進入他們的手，在他們的飛沫和病毒很容易被轉移到接觸的人，如門，表面處理，手導軌，電話和鍵盤。 如果你觸摸這些表面觸摸你的臉，病毒可以進入您的系統，你可以成為感染。
更多信息的原因
病毒表面上生活多久？
長達24小時，流感病毒可以在堅硬表面上生活了大約20分鐘的柔軟的表面。
什麼是豬流感的潛伏期？
據健康保護局，對豬流感的潛伏期（感染症狀出現之間的時間）可以是七天，但它是最有可能是兩至五天。 但病毒特徵的細節，包括潛伏期，在這個時候能夠提供總確定性實在是言之過早。
當是最具傳染性的人嗎？
人是最傳染給他人後不久，他們開發的症狀，雖然他們繼續擺脫長達5天（7天的兒童）的病毒（例如，在咳嗽和打噴嚏）。 人們越來越少傳染病，其症狀消退，一旦他們的症狀都消失了，他們不再被視為傳染給他人。
豬流感蔓延的速度有多快？
豬流感是現在廣泛在英國迅速蔓延。 在英國的新病例數量增加一倍，每七天。 其中大部分是因為人們正趕上豬流感在當地社區，而不是到國外旅行的結果。
前往受豬流感影響的所有國家的當前列表為最新豬流感。
我應該避免被懷疑有豬流感的人接觸？
凡有豬流感症狀的疑似病例已被要求留在家中，並限制他們與人接觸。 大多數人應該去他們的正常生活，包括去上學或上班。 這包括兒童參加一所學校，與豬流感確診病例。
有沒有必要，以避免可能只是接觸疾病，如兒童的家長在學校與確診病例，但本身不是病的人接觸。
這是多麼危險？
這是目前很難判斷。 雖然已經死亡，大多數感染者的症狀並不嚴重。
看來，早期服用抗病毒藥物如達菲有效地幫助人民恢復。 在英國，我們有足夠的抗病毒藥物治療一半的人口，如果他們生病。 此外，達菲的訂單已放置50萬劑疫苗，足以治療80％的人口，以增加英國用品。
我將死於豬流感？
對於大多數人來說，病情一直比較溫和和自限。 該病毒已在少數人造成嚴重的疾病，其中許多人有潛在的危險因素，如一個長期的狀況。 NHS人員訓練有素，成為由豬流感而住院，並能給予有效的治療方法，任何繼發性細菌感染，如肺炎，在治療人。
什麼是豬流感的並發症是什麼？
任何類型的流感最常見的並發症之一，是繼發性細菌肺部感染，如支氣管炎（呼吸道感染）。
有時，這可以成為嚴重的，並發展成肺炎。 通常一個療程的抗生素治療這，但感染有時會成為危及生命。
其他罕見的並發症包括：
- 扁桃體炎，
- 化膿性中耳炎（耳液建立），
- 膿毒性休克（感染的血液，導致嚴重的血壓下降），
- 腦膜炎（腦和脊髓中的感染），
- 腦炎（腦部發炎）。
什麼是豬流感的症狀是什麼？
人類感染豬流感的症狀預計將常規的人類季節性流感的症狀相似，包括發熱（體溫高了38°C/100.4°F或以上），乏力，食慾不振和咳嗽（見症狀）。 另據報導，有些人與豬流感流鼻涕，喉嚨痛，噁心，嘔吐和腹瀉。
症狀預計會持續多久呢？
任何流感一樣，多麼糟糕的症狀是多久，他們最後將不同的治療和個別情況而定。 在英國最新報告的大多數情況下，一直比較溫和，在一個星期內開始復甦的影響。
如果我在一個星期內不恢復？
如果你沒有後7天（或後5天，如果你未滿16歲）自症狀開始改善，請聯繫您當地的NHS服務：
- 英格蘭 - NHS直線電話0845 4647
- 蘇格蘭 - NHS的24個呼叫08454 242424
- 威爾士 - NHS直接威爾士0845 4647
- 北愛爾蘭 - 聯繫當地的GP手術或您當地小時的服務。
豬流感導致死亡的如何 ？
像任何其他類型的流感，人們可以從豬流感死亡，如果他們開發的並發症，如肺炎。
開發了豬流感病毒抗達菲？
此刻沒有。 病毒在英國的例行抽樣顯示，目前還沒有抗達菲或樂感清。
在丹麥曾接受治療的病人的一個H1N1病毒株顯示達菲耐藥性報導。 然而，在個別病人抵抗達菲確實發生比例很低的情況下，有限的公共意義。 健康保護局正在監視這種病毒是否正在蔓延，從人到人。
豬流感病毒將在未來的抗病毒藥物產生抗藥性？
這是可能的。 該病毒可能發生變異（改變）和抗病毒藥物產生耐藥性，然後從人到人傳播。 如果病毒不產生耐藥性，它更可能是達菲，主要的抗病毒治療。 如果發生這種情況，政府有Relenza的供應，可以用來代替。
我們應該期望在冬季更嚴重的流感大流行的第二波？
以前的流感大流行的歷史表明，當前的病毒株更廣泛的傳播，在秋天或冬天，導致更多的疾病和死亡。 這是可能的，這種病毒會變異成更強的應變（變更）。
我應該去上班或上學，如果我沒有接觸過的人我知道有豬流感？
是的，只要你沒有類似流感的症狀。 如果你感覺良好，你應該去你的正常活動，包括去上學或上班。
它可能需要長達七天後感染豬流感的症狀發展（一般為兩至五天）。 如果你開發的症狀，留在家中，按照一般的意見（觀摩了我應該做的，如果我認為我感染了嗎？）。
這是可能的兩次趕上豬流感？
是的，因為病毒可以發生變異（改變）。 如果你成為感染豬流感病毒，你的身體產生抗體，反對將承認並擊退病毒，如果身體符合它再次。 然而，如果病毒變異，你的免疫系統可能無法認識到這一點不同的應變，你可能生病了，雖然你可能有類似的病毒，以前有一些保護。
我應該有豬流感方或try和catch現在豬流感，所以我會更嚴重的菌株，以後可能出現的免疫？
不要試圖抓住你可以幫助它傳播的病毒。 此外，我們還不知道有關病毒的一切，這是為時過早假設它僅僅是一個溫和的感染。 抓住豬流感不會一定保護你菌株可能出現後（seeIs兩次趕上豬流感有可能嗎？）。
我的寵物可以趕上豬流感？
目前還沒有證據表明，寵物可以得到這種新的流感毒株。 豬流感病毒似乎只能從人對人或人類豬傳遞。 在一般情況下，流感病毒通常只感染一個物種，例如，狗和貓不從他們的所有者獲得季節性流感。
什麼是國家流感服務，它是如何工作的？
國家流感服務是一個新的自我保健服務，這將使豬流感症狀的人，快速獲取信息和抗病毒藥物。
這是一個專門的網站和電話線（0800 151 3100或文字電話：0800 151 3200），為人們獲取信息，檢查他們的症狀，並得到一個唯一的數字，這將使他們訪問，如果有必要的抗病毒藥物。
當你給你獨特的接入號碼，你會被告知您最近的抗病毒藥物的集合點。 然後，你應該問去，拿起抗病毒藥物，流感的朋友（一個健康的朋友或親戚）。
如果你認為你有豬流感，不出去，到你的家庭醫生的手術或A＆E 留在家裡，以避免病毒擴散。
孩子們可以使用它呢？
所有的孩子都可以使用流感的服務。 然而，那些英文不好或太年輕，應該由成人支持或代表他們的成人環。
需要什麼樣的文件能夠收集到的抗病毒藥物？
流感的朋友，必須出示自己的身份證，以及病人。 授權號碼和身份證信息將被檢查，以確保完成評估症狀時提供的信息相匹配。
ID包括：
- 水電費帳單，
- 護照，
- 信用卡或借記卡，
- 駕駛執照，或
- 國民保健卡。
為什麼政府在這項新的服務帶來了嗎？
這項新服務將有助於釋放GPS，給予他們更多的時間來處理其他疾病，需要他們的迫切關注。
如果我在一個高風險組的時候，我使用的國家流感服務？
你應該聯繫你的醫生，而直接使用國家流感服務，如果：
- 你有一個嚴重的潛在疾病，
- 你是孕婦，
- 你有一個生病的孩子在一歲，
- 您的病情突然變得更糟，或者
- 您的病情仍七天後（五）孩子差。
流感的服務人員訓練有素？
經驗豐富的呼叫運營商已經至少三個小時的訓練。 經驗不足的電話運營商已經收到了一天的訓練。 代理人沒有受過醫學培訓，將不能回答任何其他問題，但他們將醫療保健專業人士的支持。
會有NHS的前兩天在每個呼叫中心的直接培訓。 也不會有醫務工作者出席了會議。 呼叫中心經理將能夠聯繫全國流感大流行服務的臨床迫切的問題上呼叫服務台。
從GPS皇家學院的醫生，這些呼叫中心，每年將有一個特殊的聯絡作用和反饋出現的問題或疑慮。
嚴格的行業標準規定在聘用員工時。 這些措施包括工作權在英國（沒有非法入境者），令人滿意的就業推薦和令人滿意的字符引用。
一個廣泛的人正在招募來自全國各地。 所有必須能講英語。
流感服務將能夠區分豬和其他流感？
對工作人員進行培訓，以確定豬流感病例。 然而，季節性流感的症狀非常相似，因此有可能會與其他流通流感病例一些重疊。 由於豬流感變得越來越普遍，一個類似流感的疾病的比例較高，將豬流感。
政府將如何停止的人以欺詐手段獲得達菲？
政府是靠對公眾負責是在使用該系統。 有沒有必要插隊，因為有足夠每個人都可能在未來幾個月內趕上病毒的達菲。 也不是有任何需要購買人已取得蒙混過關，任何人需要將免費提供，達菲。
與家人和朋友接觸，我應該有多少？
避免不必要的接觸與家人和朋友的時候，你是傳染性的，通常是直到五天後症狀開始（兒童7天）期間所有。 一旦你的症狀已經消失了，你不再具有傳染性。
保持一米的或更遠離人們的臉上，將意味著從你的喉嚨的飛沫是不太可能影響到別人。 在可能的情況下，你能避免暴露感染你的合作夥伴，在空餘的房間睡覺。
如果我需要有人來關心我-他們會抓住我的豬流感？
如果你無法在家照顧自己，你可以問朋友或親戚為你收集的藥品和食品，責令任何重複處方，幫助住戶的基本任務，喜歡烹飪和普遍關心你。
如果您的朋友或親戚保持一個合理的距離，你盡可能和你既有實踐的良好的衛生習慣，是一個很好的機會，你的照顧者會不會趕上感染。
我失去了我的胃口-我應該怎麼辦？
食慾不振是常見的流感症狀，是完全不用擔心 - 當你開始感覺更好，你的胃口通常會返回。 盡量吃清淡，富有營養的食物，當你覺得它如湯，烤麵包，烤豆和炒雞蛋（這也很容易準備），。 這可能是給你吃一點，往往容易。
我應該出去嗎？
國家已成立流感大流行服務，讓你可以得到自我保健諮詢和抗病毒的藥物，如果您需要它不用你的GP。
如果你覺得它，你可能會想要得到一些新鮮的空氣 - 但要避免乘坐公共交通工具，花時間在擁擠的地方，或訪問您的家庭醫生或醫院，當你有豬流感症狀，你可能與病毒感染其他人。
如果你突然變得更糟，你應該立即就醫。
我應該在什麼時候回到學校/工作？
你可以回去上學或工作時，你感覺良好，不再具有傳染性，這是當你不再有類似流感的症狀。 症狀去所花費的時間因人而異，但通常是約5天（7天兒童）。 避免一切不必要的接觸，並與他人，這種傳染病期間留在家中。
我能做些什麼呢？
您可以減少，但沒有得到清除，趕上或傳播豬流感的風險：
- 總是咳嗽或打噴嚏時用紙巾覆蓋你的鼻子和嘴。
- 臟組織及時和認真處理。
- 保持良好的基本衛生，例如經常洗滌用肥皂和溫水從你的手中，以減少病毒的傳播面，或向其他人手中。
- 清潔堅硬的表面，如門把手，經常和徹底地使用普通的清潔產品。
你也應該由現在準備：
- 確認誰可以幫助你，如果你生病感冒的朋友（親戚朋友）的網絡。 他們可以收集你的藥品和其他用品，讓您不必離開家，和可能傳播病毒。
- 了解你的NHS的數量和其他家庭成員的。 保持一個安全的地方。 這是沒有必要有你的NHS的數量，以接受治療，但它可以幫助NHS人員找到您的健康記錄。 你就能找到你的醫療卡或其他項目，如處方藥，從你的家庭醫生或醫院的預約卡/信信你的NHS的數量。
- 確保你有一個溫度計和你的藥櫃子足夠的感冒和咳嗽補救的情況下你或你的家庭是由豬流感影響。
酒精handrubs優於肥皂和水嗎？
酒精handrubs並用肥皂和水清洗，盡量減少豬流感傳播的風險具有重要意義，因為它們都停用了流感病毒。 酒精搓手液只能用明顯的乾淨的手。 如果手臟，應使用肥皂和水。 handrubs是有用的，當是不容易的訪問到一個地方，清洗並擦乾雙手。
誰應戴口罩？
健康保護局（HPA）的建議，醫護人員應戴口罩，如果他們將與症狀（一米以內）的人密切接觸，以減少他們醒目病毒從病人的風險。
然而，自置居所津貼不建議健康人戴口罩對他們的日常生活中去。
為什麼不應該的廣大市民佩戴口罩？
因為沒有任何證據表明，這是一個有用的預防措施。
該病毒的傳播，或在非常近距離的人咳嗽或打噴嚏的人通過接觸受感染物體表面。 所以，除非你站在接近病毒的人，戴著口罩，不會有所作為。
這是不正確使用口罩的風險表示關注。 他們必須定期更換，因為他們沒有工作，一個人的呼吸，以及時打擊。 人們可能會感染自己，如果他們接觸他們的面具外，或可能感染別人不扔掉舊的口罩安全。
最後，戴口罩可能助長自滿。 人們需要把重點放在良好的手部衛生，留在家裡，如果他們感到不適，覆蓋他們的嘴，當他們咳嗽或打噴嚏時。
那麼，為何其他國家走這條路？
這是每個政府單獨考慮的問題。 法國鼓勵廣大市民購買自己的面具，作為一項預防措施，但它不是來自政府資金放養口罩集中。 既不是美國。
在其他國家，人們已經戴上口罩，以避免傳播疾病或保護自己免受污染。 這是不是在英國的情況。
我應該怎樣做，如果我覺得我感染嗎？
如果你有類似流感的症狀和關注，你可能有豬流感，留在家中，約豬流感symptomsand的讀取檢查你的條件，使用國家流感服務。
打電話給你的家庭醫生，如果：
- 你有一個嚴重的潛在疾病，
- 你是孕婦，
- 你必須在一個生病的孩子，
- 您的病情突然變得更糟，
或 - 您的病情仍每況愈下後
7天（五個孩子）。
國家流感服務是一個新的在線服務，將評估您的症狀，如果需要，提供授權號碼，可用於從本地收集點收集的抗病毒藥物。 對於那些沒有互聯網接入，可以訪問相同的服務：
- 電話：0800 151 3100
- 小型機：0800 151 3200
有關更多信息，前往流感服務：Q＆A
如果它被證實有豬流感，問一個健康的親戚或朋友，拿起你的抗病毒藥物。
In the meantime, take paracetamol-based cold remedies to reduce fever and other symptoms, drink plenty of fluids and get lots of rest.
不要進入您的家庭醫生或到醫院，你可能會傳播疾病給他人。
如果我一直在與感染者密切接觸，做我需要治療嗎？
你只需要抗病毒治療，如果你已經確診豬流感或如果醫生決定，你是發展嚴重的疾病的嚴重風險（見意志抗病毒藥物沒有流感症狀的人嗎？）。
豬流感是可以治愈的嗎？
測試表明豬流感可以用抗病毒藥物oseltamavir（達菲）和扎那米韋（樂感清）治療。 在早期階段，但藥物必須採取有效的。 有關詳細信息，請參閱處理。
英國已經有足夠的抗病毒藥物治療一半的人口。 達菲的訂單已放在增加英國用品50萬劑疫苗，足以治療80％的人口。
抗病毒藥物做什麼呢？
抗病毒藥物不能治愈，但它們可以幫助你恢復：
- 緩解一些症狀，
- 減少你的病大約有一天的時間長度，
- 減少潛在的嚴重並發症，如肺炎。
樂感清是如何工作的？
複製和傳播，病毒進入你的身體，健康細胞接管，並迫使他們作出自己的副本。 Relenza的停止在肺部感染的細胞釋放病毒的新副本。 這減緩病毒的傳播，減少的症狀和時間長度你感到不適，使病毒傳播到其他人更難。
Relenza的，應在成人和兒童在36小時內出現症狀後48小時內開始，但效果更好較早啟動。
達菲是如何工作的？
複製和傳播，病毒進入你的身體，健康細胞接管，並迫使他們作出自己的副本。 達菲停止流感病毒進入細胞和阻止病毒的新副本釋放。 這會通過你的身體蔓延，減少你感到不適的症狀和時間的長短，使病毒傳播到其他人更難。
達菲應在12至48小時出現症狀開始，但效果更好較早啟動。
瑞樂沙和達菲的效果如何？
Relenza的減少流感症狀的持續時間和平均兩天半。 達菲減少的症狀，一到兩天的時間。
如果我忘記了採取的劑量？
如果您忘記了瑞樂沙或達菲的劑量， 不要下一個劑量的兩倍。 採取遺忘的劑量只要你記得只要下一個是不是在幾個小時內到期。 如果劑量是由於在幾個小時內，然後進行你應該 - 不採取任何“赶超”的劑量。
英國是否有足夠的抗病毒藥物嗎？
政府有2300萬療程的達菲和10.5萬元的“樂感清治療。 達菲的訂單已放在增加英國用品50萬劑疫苗，足以治療80％的人口。
為孕婦和某些腎臟條件的人更合適的抗病毒藥物之一嗎？
樂感清是吸入藥物將用於孕婦和某些腎臟條件無法採取達菲人。 見妊娠和兒童。
我對青黴素過敏。 我可以採取抗病毒藥物？
是的，它是安全的，你拿的抗病毒藥物，如果你有青黴素過敏。
我在華法林。 我可以採取抗病毒藥物？
是的，你應該能夠採取抗病毒藥物，如果你是華法林，但你應該聯繫你的家庭醫生的意見第一。
Will antivirals be given to people without flu symptoms?
In most cases, no. Antivirals will generally only be given to people who have been diagnosed with swine flu.
Doctors should not offer antiviral medication as prophylaxis (prevention) to people close to patients unless they have serious existing health problems, such as cancer, or there are other special circumstances.
Will my child have nausea if they take Tamiflu?
As is the case with many medicines, nausea is a known side effect of Tamiflu in a small number of cases. Symptoms may lessen over the course of the treatment. It may help to take Tamiflu either with or immediately after food, and drinking some water may also lessen any feelings of nausea.
How are those with confirmed swine flu getting access to antivirals?
If antivirals are required, the National Pandemic Flu Service will provide you with an authorisation number, which can be used to collect antiviral medication from a local collection point (see How is swine flu infection diagnosed?). Alternatively, if you are in a high-risk group, your GP will advise you over the phone on how to collect your antivirals.
A healthy friend or relative can then pick up the antivirals for you from your local collection centre, usually a pharmacy or community centre.
Should people be buying their own antivirals?
No. The government has enough antivirals to treat half the population, and will increase this to cover 80% as an extra precaution. Therefore, antivirals should be available for everyone who gets ill in the pandemic and there is no need for people to buy their own.
Does Tamiflu go out of date?
是。 There will be an expiry date on the packet. The government has a programme to replace any expired doses under a rolling stock system.
If I take an antiviral and have side effects, who should I tell?
First, see your healthcare professional to check that you are ok. Then, report your reaction to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) through their new online system (links to external site).
This new webpage, based on the Yellow Card Scheme, helps the MHRA to monitor the safety of Tamiflu and Relenza.
Anyone who does not have access to the internet can ask their healthcare provider to send a report on their behalf.
When will there be a vaccine?
Vaccines are complex and difficult to produce in large numbers. However, the government has already signed contracts to get enough vaccine for the entire country as soon as it is available.
The first batches of vaccine will start to arrive in the autumn, but it will take several months to get enough for everyone. It will also take time to fully test the vaccine and to organise the vaccination of everyone in the country.
To reduce the impact of swine flu, the NHS is focusing on those at the greatest risk first (see Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?).
Why does it take several months to produce a swine flu vaccine?
The flu vaccine production process is long and complicated. Production technology is labour-intensive. The government is working with two manufacturers, which is increasing chances of early development.
If other countries are also being given advance supply guarantees, will we get ours first?
The UK has a binding contractual agreement in place to ensure its supply.
Does the current seasonal flu vaccine work?
It is unclear as yet whether the current regular flu vaccine will offer any protection against swine flu.
How many stocks of seasonal vaccine are available?
流感疫苗每年生產的季節性流感。 Discussions are ongoing with manufacturers about how much may still be available. However, the government has confirmed that there are 430,000 doses of vaccine available in the UK.
Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?
A decision has not yet been made. The government is discussing this with independent scientific experts. Decisions will be made on the basis of the most up-to-date evidence about the severity and spread of the disease, with the aim of protecting the most vulnerable members of the public, protecting the capacity of the NHS to deal with people who are sick, and protecting staff who are placing themselves at most risk from contracting the virus.
The government will still aim to vaccinate everyone, but because the vaccine will have to be delivered over time, it is right that we start thinking now about groups to be prioritised.
Will those who have already had swine flu still need to be vaccinated?
Theoretically, those who have had swine flu will not need to be vaccinated. However, as the government is currently relying on clinical diagnosis for the majority of cases, it will not be possible to easily differentiate those who have definitely had swine flu, so the vaccine will be offered to everyone. It is quite safe to be vaccinated even if you have already had swine flu.
Will the vaccine still provide people with protection if the swine flu virus mutates between now and the autumn?
At this stage, it is impossible to predict if or how the H1N1 swine flu virus will mutate (change). However, experiences with the H5N1 bird flu vaccine would suggest that an H1N1 vaccine would also provide a high level of immunity against closely related strains. The level of cross-protection is expected to be greatest for more closely related strains.
Does the NHS have enough syringes to administer the swine flu vaccine?
Yes, orders have been placed to ensure there are enough syringes to administer the vaccine.
What extra antibiotics have been purchased?
Orders have been placed for 15.2 million courses of antibiotics. They will play an important part in the response to the pandemic.
Why do you need antibiotics in a pandemic?
While antivirals may reduce complications, they are still likely to occur in the pandemic. Some of the most common include bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and lungs, such as pneumonia. Antibiotics are needed to treat these .
Antibiotics will be used to treat people in the community if they develop complications. In hospitals, antibiotics will be used to treat the sickest patients and may reduce the length of hospitalisation.
Are pregnant women more likely to catch swine flu?
是。 Pregnant women are more susceptible to all infections, because their immune system is naturally suppressed in pregnancy. They are especially vulnerable to swine flu, as this virus is affecting younger age groups in particular.
Does swine flu pose special risks in pregnant women?
Most pregnant women with swine flu will only have mild symptoms like most other people with swine flu. However, pregnant women have an increased risk of complications from any type of flu, because their immune system is naturally supressed in pregnancy. Possible complications are pneumonia (an infection of the lungs), difficulty breathing and dehydration, which are more likely to happen in the second and third trimester.
There is a small chance that these complications will lead to premature labour or miscarriage. There is not yet enough information to know precisely how likely these birth risks are.
What special precautions can pregnant women take?
If you are pregnant, you can reduce your risk of infection by avoiding unnecessary travel and avoiding crowds where possible. Pregnant women should also follow the general hygiene advice (see What can I do?).
If a family member or other close contact has swine flu, your doctor may prescribe you antiviral medication (usually Relenza) as a preventative (prophylactic) measure. Relenza is taken through an inhaler rather than a tablet. This means it builds up in your throat and lungs but not in your blood or placenta and should not affect your baby.
If you think that you may have swine flu, call your doctor for an assessment immediately. If your doctor confirms swine flu over the phone, you will be prescribed antiviral medication to take as soon as possible.
Unless you have swine flu symptoms, carry on attending your antenatal appointments so you can monitor the progress of your pregnancy.
Can I take antiviral drugs if I am pregnant?
Yes, on the advice of a doctor. The Department of Health has bought Relenza, an inhaled antiviral drug that treats flu without reaching the developing fetus. Relenza should not affect your pregnancy or your growing baby.
However, if your doctor or midwife thinks that a different medicine is needed (for instance, if you have unusually severe flu), you will be given Tamiflu instead.
An expert group reviewed the risk of antiviral treatment in pregnancy, and found it to be extremely small. It is much smaller than the risk posed by the symptoms of swine flu.
What are the possible side effects of Relenza?
Some people have had wheezing or serious breathing problems when they have used Relenza. It is therefore not recommended for people with asthma or COPD. Other possible side effectsinclude headaches, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.
If you take an antiviral and have side effects, see your healthcare professional to check that you are ok. Then report your reaction to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) through their new new online system.
Can I take painkillers if I am pregnant?
You can take paracetamol to reduce fever and other symptoms; this is safe to take in pregnancy.
However, pregnant women should not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Nurofen).
Will pregnant women get preference for a swine flu vaccine?
It will be in the autumn before a swine flu vaccine becomes available. When it is available, there will be guidelines on which groups of people are a greater priority for vaccination. See Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?
Is the vaccine safe for pregnant women?
是。 There is no evidence of risk from vaccinating pregnant women with inactivated vaccines, such as the swine flu vaccine. The government's swine flu vaccination programme is underpinned by independent expert advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and the Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies, and their advice will be sought regarding the vaccination of pregnant women against swine flu.
Should I stop breastfeeding if I need to take antiviral drugs?
Women who are breastfeeding can continue to do so while receiving antiviral treatment. If a mother is ill, she should continue breastfeeding and increase feeding frequency. If she becomes too ill to feed, then expressing milk may still be possible. Antiviral drugs are excreted into breast milk in very small (insignificant) amounts.
How do I tell if my child has swine flu?
Call your GP immediately if your child has any of the following symptoms and a temperature of 38°C or above or feels hot:
• tiredness
• headache,
• runny nose and sneezing,
• sore throat,
• shortness of breath,
• loss of appetite,
• vomiting and diarrhoea, or
• aching muscles, limb and joint pain.
If you are worried about your child, always call your GP for advice.
One thing you can do right now is to make sure you have a digital thermometer to take your child's temperature with.
If my child has swine flu, what should I do?
If your GP confirms that your child has swine flu, they should stay at home and you should treat their symptoms like any other cold or flu. Make sure they drink plenty of liquids, get lots of rest and take over-the-counter cold and flu remedies to help control their temperature. However, children under 16 must not be given aspirin or ready-made flu remedies containing aspirin.
Your GP will tell you whether your child should also take antiviral drugs. Antivirals such as Tamiflu shorten the symptoms by about a day and can reduce the risk of complications. Antivirals are only effective if taken within 48 hours of symptoms starting. If you are worried about your child, call your GP immediately.
However, antivirals can also have side effects. If your child's swine flu symptoms are mild, you may not wish to give them antivirals. Your GP can advise you on this.
Can children take antivirals?
Yes, on the advice of a doctor. Tamiflu is safe for infants aged one and above, at a reduced dose. Relenza (an inhaler) can be used by children aged five and older under the supervision of an adult.
Can babies under the age of one take antivirals?
Tamiflu and Relenza are not licensed for use in babies under one. However, after evaluating all the available evidence, the European Medicines Agency has advised that babies may be treated with Tamiflu, considering that:
- the appropriate dosage to treat children aged under one is 2-3mg/kg twice daily for five days,
- children are preferably treated under medical supervision, and
- dilution of the capsule content can be used to prepare the dose.
Can my baby take Tamiflu as a preventative measure?
Whether babies not suffering from flu symptoms can take Tamiflu should be decided by an expert in the care of young children. The recommended course for prevention in the under-ones is 2mg/kg once a day for 10 days (but should not exceed 10 days).
The first line of protection for babies aged under one is respiratory and hand hygiene and frequent cleaning of surfaces, toys and equipment.
我如何獲得抗病毒藥物，為我的孩子？
Your GP will tell you over the phone how you can pick up the antiviral medication. You should ask a flu friend (a friend or relative who does not have swine flu) to collect this for you.
兒童將是第一線的疫苗？
Scientists and doctors are still testing the vaccine and studying the swine flu virus. When the vaccine becomes available, the NHS will prioritise those who need to get it first. See Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?
I'm on immunosuppressants. Am I more at risk from swine flu?
是。 If you take immunosuppressants you have a greater risk of becoming infected with any virus, including swine flu, and will be less able to fight it off once you have it.
Will my dose of immunosuppressants be altered in the event of an outbreak?
Your doctor may advise that your dose of immunosuppressants needs to change. The appropriate dose will vary from patient to patient.
Can I take antivirals if I'm on immunosuppressants?
Yes, if your doctor agrees it is safe for you to take Tamiflu or Relenza.
Am I more at risk of catching swine flu if I have HIV?
大概不會。 Although HIV infects CD4 cells and reduces their number and function, there are other parts of the immune system that are able to fight flu. For more information, visit theTerrence Higgins Trust website (links to external site).
Am I more likely to suffer complications if I have HIV and catch swine flu?
If you have a low CD4 count (under 200), you may be more likely to suffer complications like pneumonia from any type of flu, including swine flu.
Can I take antivirals if I have mild to moderate kidney disease?
是。 If you have stage one to three kidney disease, or your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is above 30, you will be treated as any other person would be. This means you can take Relenza or Tamiflu, if necessary.
Can I take antivirals if I have severe kidney disease?
You can take some but not necessarily all antivirals. If you have stage four of five kidney disease, or your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is below 30, you will probably be under the care of a kidney specialist. Relenza (an inhaler) is safe to take. If you find this tricky to use, your doctor may give you a reduced dose of Tamiflu tablets instead.
Will people with long-term conditions get preference for a swine flu vaccine?
It will be months before a swine flu vaccine becomes available. When it is available, there will be guidelines on which groups of people are a greater priority for vaccination. See Who will be a priority for vaccination with the H1N1 swine flu vaccine?
Are people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more at risk from swine flu?
You are no more likely to catch swine flu than anyone else. However, if you do catch a respiratory infection, including swine flu, it may add to any breathing difficulties you may have.
What advice is there for people with asthma or COPD?
Your condition places you at greater risk if you catch the disease. It is therefore all the more important that you follow good hygiene practices (see 'What can I do') and react quickly if you develop flu-like symptoms (see 'What should I do if I think I'm infected').
Can I take antivirals if I have asthma or COPD?
Yes, Tamiflu is safe to take. However, Relenza (an inhaler) is usually not given to people with asthma as on rare occasions it can cause breathing complications.
I have diabetes. Am I at more at risk from swine flu?
You are no more likely to catch swine flu than anyone else. However, if you do catch it, your blood glucose may increase and your diabetes treatment may need to be adjusted accordingly.
What should I do if my blood glucose increases?
If you find your blood glucose has increased, or you become thirsty and are urinating more, call your GP. If you are on insulin and testing your own blood glucose, you may be advised to do this more often so you can adjust your dose according to the results. If you start to vomit or become increasingly unwell, call your GP as soon as possible.
Is there any advice for people with liver disease?
If you have liver disease you are no more likely to catch swine flu than anyone else. If you do catch it, antivirals are safe to take. There is no interaction between these and other antivirals you may already be taking.
Can I take antivirals if I am on epilepsy treatment?
是。 It is thought that antiviral treatments will not affect medicines taken to control epilepsy.
I look after someone who is very ill or disabled. What if I become too ill to care for them?
As a carer, you should probably begin planning for an emergency caring situation as soon as possible. The best way to get help with planning for a caring emergency is to arrange a carer's assessment from your local authority.
If you have time you may be able to arrange for formal respite care, but you may want to talk to friends, neighbours and relatives about forming a network of flu friends who can help out and look after you if you are ill.
For more information, go to the page on Advice for carers
Are older people more likely to catch swine flu?
It is not yet known, but most cases so far in the UK have been in those younger than 60. Some older people may have partial resistance to the swine flu virus, due to being exposed to a similar flu virus in a previous pandemic.
Are older people more at risk of complications if they do catch it?
Older and frail people are more likely to develop complications from any type of flu, and are generally less able to fight it off.
What advice are you giving to travellers?
Before travelling, they should check the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) website for information specific to the country they are visiting. Those who do not have internet access can call the FCO's 24-hour advice line on 0845 850 2829.
We are about to go on holiday, what should we do?
Wherever you go on holiday, always take the same precautions that you do when at home. Know where you can get medical advice if you or your family feel unwell, and make sure you have over-the-counter medication for coughs and sneezes.
If you are going on holiday in the UK then you can contact the local GP surgery or call the National Pandemic Flu Service helpline on 0800 151 3100.
If you are travelling to Europe, make sure you have your free European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). This entitles you to any necessary medical treatment, including for swine flu, during a visit to another European Economic Area country. You can get an EHIC application form from the Post Office or by calling 0845 606 2030. You can also apply online.
If you have swine flu, don't travel until after your symptoms have stopped.
Whenever you go abroad, always check the latest travel advice from the Foreign Office: www.fco.gov.uk.
What advice are you giving to people with flu who want to travel by plane?
The Health Protection Agency is advising anyone in the UK with flu symptoms not to travel until they are no longer infectious. Similarly, any British nationals abroad with flu who want to fly home should only travel when they are no longer infectious.
What if British nationals abroad ignore this advice and try to travel anyway? Won't they be putting other passengers at risk?
It is the discretion of the airline whether to carry a person with signs or symptoms of infectious disease. Any British national prevented from boarding flights when trying to return home from abroad can get advice from their nearest diplomatic mission.
Will people be screened when they arrive at their destination?
The FCO website states that medical screening for the swine flu virus has been introduced at several airports for passengers arriving on international flights, including China. In the section on China, the guidance states: “The Chinese government continues to place great emphasis on screening and surveillance, rapid detection, quarantine and treatment.”
What should I do if I become ill on holiday or on the flight home?
Make sure you check in advance so you know where you can get medical advice if you or your family feel unwell on holiday. And make sure you have over-the-counter medication for flu, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. Remember that children should not take aspirin.
If you are travelling to Europe, make sure you have your free European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). This entitles you to any necessary medical treatment, including for swine flu, during a visit to another European Economic Area country. You can get an EHIC application form from the post office, by calling 0845 606 2030, or by applying online.
If you do experience flu-like symptoms, keep away from public places to avoid spreading it. Then contact a health professional and tell them your symptoms.
If you become ill on your flight home, alert the cabin crew to your symptoms. There are procedures in place for dealing with passengers who become unwell on flights, and the airline will advise port health officials on the ground that a passenger requires a health assessment and may need treatment.
To access the Department of Health Swine Flu Information line when abroad, call 00 44 207 928 1010.
Will GPs have to certify people as having swine flu for travel insurance purposes?
The Association of British Insurers (ABI) has confirmed that swine flu will be treated no differently from any other illness by travel insurers. People diagnosed with swine flu before they are due to travel abroad, and any immediate family members (spouse, parents and children, with some policies covering other relatives) due to travel with them, will be covered for the cost of holiday cancellation by their travel insurance.
Insurers usually require a doctor's certificate to confirm that the patient was unable to travel. The government welcomes the comments from the ABI that they would expect insurers to be flexible on the time it takes to obtain such a certificate and that they are considering what other forms of evidence might be acceptable.
Do I need extra medical insurance?
No. You should always have insurance when you travel abroad. You do not need extra insurance for swine flu.
There are lots of cases in America and Mexico. Is it safe to travel there?
是。 Just make sure you know in advance where to get medical advice from. If you are not sure whether you can travel to a certain country, check the latest travel advice from the Foreign Office: www.fco.gov.uk.
Is it safe to use public transport now we are in a pandemic?
是。 Public transport has not been closed during previous pandemics, and while there is a slightly higher risk to the public, this is no more than using other public places.
Anyone who has the flu or feels unwell should stay at home and not travel.
Will the government restrict travel within the UK?
The government is not planning to restrict travel within the UK unless it becomes necessary for public health reasons. Scientific modelling shows that internal travel restrictions would have little impact on the total number of people infected by flu. However, the public is advised to avoid non-essential travel, and anyone who has the flu or feels unwell should stay at home and not travel.
What happens to visitors to the UK if they are confirmed with swine flu during their stay?
Foreign nationals should not be treated any differently from UK nationals with regard to self-isolation or other recommended measures. People with symptoms of swine flu, including foreign nationals, are advised not to travel. Overseas visitors will not be charged for NHS hospital treatment for swine flu, including antivirals.
What does WHO Phase 6 mean?
The technical definition of Phase 6 is human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one World Health Organisation (WHO) region, with community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region.
Is swine flu a mild infection and therefore no cause for concern?
It is too soon to assume it will be a mild infection. We don't know everything about the virus and are closely monitoring each case that comes up.
The flu virus changes very rapidly. It can pick up and swap genetic material, which dramatically changes it, increasing the severity of symptoms. The virus could change in the autumn, so we need to plan for this.
Will hospital capacity be adequate?
Most flu sufferers can be cared for appropriately at home. The UK has well-developed plans in place for managing extra demand on the healthcare system during the pandemic. For more information, see the guidelines on Managing demand and capacity in healthcare organisations (surge).
Is it safe to eat pig meat?
是。 The WHO says there is no evidence that swine flu can be spread through eating meat from infected animals. However, it is essential to cook meat properly. A temperature of 70°C (158°F) would be sure to kill the virus. Pig meat includes pork, bacon, ham and pork products.
Are the reports that 65,000 people are going to die true?
It is wrong to suggest there will be a particular number of deaths each day. Scientific and clinical experts can use sophisticated modelling techniques to help us understand how the virus may behave, but that is all they can do: guide, not predict.
What happens if someone doesn't have a flu friend?
The government has been working with organisations such as the Red Cross to meet the needs of people who may be isolated or otherwise find it difficult to identify a flu friend.
